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In the language of centralizers, a balanced module is one satisfying the conclusion of the double centralizer theorem, that is, the only endomorphisms of the group M commuting with all the R endomorphisms of M are the ones induced by right multiplication by ring elements. A ring is called balanced if every right R module is balanced. [1]
A modulator is a device or circuit that performs modulation. A demodulator (sometimes detector ) is a circuit that performs demodulation , the inverse of modulation. A modem (from mod ulator– dem odulator), used in bidirectional communication, can perform both operations.
In the Armstrong method, the audio signal and the radio frequency carrier signal are applied to the balanced modulator to generate a double sideband suppressed carrier signal. The phase of this output signal is then shifted 90 degrees with respect to the original carrier. The balanced modulator output can either lead or lag the carrier's phase.
The quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) describes the effect of an external electric field upon the light absorption spectrum or emission spectrum of a quantum well (QW). In the absence of an external electric field, electrons and holes within the quantum well may only occupy states within a discrete set of energy subbands.
If the uncertainty is minimized, but not necessarily equally balanced between X and P, the state is called a squeezed coherent state. The coherent state's location in the complex plane ( phase space ) is centered at the position and momentum of a classical oscillator of the phase θ and amplitude | α | given by the eigenvalue α (or the same ...
A linear time-invariant system cannot produce intermodulation. If the input of a linear time-invariant system is a signal of a single frequency, then the output is a signal of the same frequency; only the amplitude and phase can differ from the input signal.
Optical heterodyne detection is a method of extracting information encoded as modulation of the phase, frequency or both of electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength band of visible or infrared light. The light signal is compared with standard or reference light from a "local oscillator" (LO) that would have a fixed offset in frequency and ...
A ring modulator is an electronic device for ring modulation. A ring modulator may be used in music synthesizers and as an effects unit . The name derives from the fact that the analog circuit of diodes originally used to implement this technique takes the shape of a ring: a diode ring . [ 2 ]