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Returned to the throne after the British and Shah Shuja were defeated in the First Anglo-Afghan War. Coined the term "Afghanistan" after an alliance with the British. Went on to defeat the remaining powers inside Afghanistan [note 1], reunifying the country after a brutal civil war lasting 70 years from 1793–1863 by the time of his death ...
In October 2008 U.S. Defense Secretary Gates had asserted that a political settlement with the Taliban was the endgame for the Afghanistan war. "There has to be ultimately – and I'll underscore ultimately – reconciliation as part of a political outcome to this," Gates stated. [228] By 2010 peace efforts began.
Taliban tortured and killed Abdul Ali Mazari leader of the Hazara people. 1996: 26 September: Afghan Civil War (1996–2001): The forces of the Islamic State retreated to northern Afghanistan. 27 September: Afghan Civil War (1996–2001): The Taliban conquered Kabul and declared the establishment of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.
Afghanistan is a mountainous landlocked country at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. [1] [2] Some of the invaders in the history of Afghanistan include the Maurya Empire, the ancient Macedonian Empire of Alexander the Great, the Rashidun Caliphate, the Mongol Empire led by Genghis Khan, the Ghaznavid Empire of Turkic Mahmud of Ghazni, the Ghurid Dynasty of Muhammad of Ghor the ...
Although wealthy Arab nations had brought Salafist Madrasas to Afghanistan during the Soviet war in the 1980s, the Taliban's strict Deobandi leadership suppressed the Salafi movement in Afghanistan after it first came to power in the 1990s. Following the 2001 US invasion, the Taliban and Salafists joined forces in order to wage a common war ...
The Taliban controlled most of the country by 1996, but their Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan received little international recognition before its overthrow in the 2001 US invasion of Afghanistan. The Taliban returned to power in 2021 after capturing Kabul , ending the 2001–2021 war . [ 44 ]
Flag of the Taliban. The Taliban (/ ˈ t æ l ɪ b æ n, ˈ t ɑː l ɪ b ɑː n /; Pashto: طَالِبَانْ, romanized: ṭālibān, lit. 'students'), which also refers to itself by its state name, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, [1] [2] is an Afghan militant movement that governs Afghanistan with an ideology comprising elements of Pashtun nationalism and the Deobandi movement of ...
Mohammad Zahir Shah [a] (15 October 1914 – 23 July 2007) was the last King of Afghanistan, reigning from 8 November 1933 until he was deposed on 17 July 1973. [2] Ruling for 40 years, Zahir Shah was the longest-serving ruler of Afghanistan since the foundation of the Durrani Empire in the 18th century.