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2. Pelvic congestion syndrome - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelvic_congestion_syndrome

   Pain in the legs or lower back may also occur. [1] While the condition is believed to be due to blood flowing back into pelvic veins as a result of faulty valves in the veins, this hypothesis is not certain. [7] The condition may occur or worsen during pregnancy. [1] The presence of estrogen is believed to be involved in the mechanism. [1]

3. Chronic venous insufficiency - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_venous_insufficiency

   Deep and superficial vein thrombosis may in turn be caused by thrombophilia, which is an increased propensity of forming blood clots. [citation needed] Arteriovenous fistula (an abnormal connection or passageway between an artery and a vein) may cause chronic venous insufficiency even with working vein valves. [citation needed]

4. Ultrasonography of chronic venous insufficiency of the legs

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrasonography_of_chronic...

   It results when the vein dilates secondary to a vein wall disease or when normal functioning of the valves, which serve to keep blood flowing to the heart and to prevent reflux, become damaged and/or incompetent (the dilation of a vein will prevent valves to close properly).

5. Are you neglecting your 'second heart'? 1 step to activate it now

   www.aol.com/news/neglecting-second-heart-1-step...

   Every time the calf muscle contracts, one-way valves inside the leg veins open and blood gets pushed upwards towards the heart; when the calf muscle relaxes, the valves close, which prevents blood ...

6. Venous stasis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venous_stasis

   Weakened Venous valves: these are crucial towards ensuring upward flow to the heart from the lower extremities. If weakened, they may fail to close properly which leads to backwards blood flow/blood pooling. This can lead to slower blood flow in the veins. [8] Ultrasonography-Doppler ultrasound

7. What Is Heart Disease? Everything You Need to Know - AOL

   www.aol.com/heart-disease-everything-know...

   Swelling of legs, feet, ankles, abdomen, or neck veins. ... During a heart valve procedure, your surgeon will either repair or replace a faulty valve to improve blood flow. Replacement valves may ...

8. Venous ulcer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venous_ulcer

   [1] Venous ulcers are wounds that are thought to occur due to improper functioning of venous valves, usually of the legs (hence leg ulcers). [2]: 846 They are an important cause of chronic wounds, affecting 1% of the population. [3] Venous ulcers develop mostly along the medial distal leg, and can be painful with negative effects on quality of ...

9. Varicose veins - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varicose_veins

   Figure A shows a normal vein with a working valve and normal blood flow. Figure B shows a varicose vein with a deformed valve, abnormal blood flow, and thin, stretched walls. The middle image shows where varicose veins might appear in a leg. Comparison of healthy and varicose veins. Varicose veins are more common in women than in men and are ...