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  2. Equal justice under law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_justice_under_law

    The words "equal justice under law" paraphrase an earlier expression coined in 1891 by the Supreme Court. [7] [8] In the case of Caldwell v.Texas, Chief Justice Melville Fuller wrote on behalf of a unanimous Court as follows, regarding the Fourteenth Amendment: "the powers of the States in dealing with crime within their borders are not limited, but no State can deprive particular persons or ...

  3. Equality before the law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equality_before_the_law

    Article 7 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) states: "All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law". [1] Thus, it states that everyone must be treated equally under the law regardless of race , gender , color , ethnicity , religion , disability , or other ...

  4. Justice as Fairness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_as_Fairness

    Justice as Fairness: Political not Metaphysical" is an essay by John Rawls, published in 1985. [1] In it he describes his conception of justice. It comprises two main principles of liberty and equality; the second is subdivided into fair equality of opportunity and the difference principle .

  5. History of the American Civil Liberties Union - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_American...

    [56] The De Jonge case marked the start of an era lasting for a dozen years, during which Roosevelt appointees (led by Hugo Black, William O. Douglas, and Frank Murphy) established a body of civil liberties law. [55] In 1938, Justice Harlan F. Stone wrote the famous "footnote four" in United States v.

  6. Equal Protection Clause - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Protection_Clause

    The meaning of the Equal Protection Clause has been the subject of much debate, and inspired the well-known phrase "Equal Justice Under Law". This clause was the basis for Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the Supreme Court decision that helped to dismantle racial segregation .

  7. US Supreme Court could allow broader curbs on transgender rights

    www.aol.com/news/us-supreme-court-could-allow...

    During arguments at the U.S. Supreme Court in this week's major transgender rights case, liberal Justice Sonia Sotomayor told the lawyer defending Tennessee's ban on gender-affirming medical care ...

  8. Constitution of the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United...

    It also contained three new limits on state power: a state shall not violate a citizen's privileges or immunities; shall not deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law; and must guarantee all persons equal protection of the laws. These limitations dramatically expanded the protections of the Constitution.

  9. John Rawls - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rawls

    For example: a Supreme Court justice deliberating on whether or not the denial to homosexuals of the ability to marry constitutes a violation of the 14th Amendment's Equal Protection Clause may not advert to his religious convictions on the matter, but he may take into account the argument that a same-sex household provides sub-optimal ...