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To prevent the excess formation of bubbles that can lead to decompression sickness, divers limit their ascent rate—the recommended ascent rate used by popular decompression models is about 10 metres (33 ft) per minute—and follow a decompression schedule as necessary. [82]
Decompression sickness is usually avoidable by following the requirements of decompression tables or algorithms regarding ascent rates and stop times for the specific dive profile, but these do not guarantee safety, and in some cases, unpredictably, there will be decompression sickness.
A decompression stop is the period a diver must spend at a relatively shallow constant depth during ascent after a dive to safely eliminate absorbed inert gases from the body tissues sufficiently to avoid decompression sickness. The practice of making decompression stops is called staged decompression, [13] [21] as opposed to continuous ...
If the pressure reduction is sufficient, excess gas may form bubbles, which may lead to decompression sickness, a possibly debilitating or life-threatening condition. It is essential that divers manage their decompression to avoid excessive bubble formation and decompression sickness.
Some of these factors are known and can be measured and quantified, others are known, suspected or hypothetical, but not measurable or quantifiable, and some may still be entirely unknown. Decompression stress has been cited as a driver of bubble growth and a risk factor for symptomatic decompression sickness in humans and diving animals. [39] [62]
Bubble decompression models are a rule based approach to calculating decompression based on the idea that microscopic bubble nuclei always exist in water and tissues that contain water and that by predicting and controlling the bubble growth, one can avoid decompression sickness. Most of the bubble models assume that bubbles will form during ...
Decompression sickness is a condition caused by dissolved gases coming out of solution as bubbles in the tissues and fluids of the body during and directly after depressurisation. DCS is best known as a hazard of underwater diving but may occur in other decompression events such as caisson work, flying in unpressurised aircraft, and extra ...
Increased risk of decompression sickness—Reduced ambient pressure can induce bubble formation or growth in saturated tissues. Diving at altitude. [46] Acclimatisation at altitude before diving. Use of decompression schedules designed for altitude diving. [60] Ascent to altitude after diving, including: [46] Flying in pressurised aircraft.