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Gamekeeper's thumb and skier's thumb are two similar conditions, both of which involve insufficiency of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of the thumb. The chief difference between these two conditions is that skier's thumb is generally considered to be an acute condition acquired after a fall or similar abduction injury to the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint of the thumb, whereas gamekeeper ...
Gamekeeper's thumb, also known as skier's thumb, is characterised by a diminished ability to grasp or pinch with the thumb due to damage to the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL). [4] Gamekeeper's thumb can be caused by acute injury or chronic overuse, often arousing from a fall where the hand is extended that leads to forceful separation of the ...
The muscles of the thumb are nine skeletal muscles located in the hand and forearm. The muscles allow for flexion , extension , adduction , abduction and opposition of the thumb . The muscles acting on the thumb can be divided into two groups: The extrinsic hand muscles, with their muscle bellies located in the forearm, and the intrinsic hand ...
Physical therapy for a winged scapula will usually incorporate exercises aimed at strengthening the serratus anterior. The push-up plus (PUP) exercise is one of the most commonly prescribed for strengthening the serratus anterior. The push-up plus is usually done in either a push-up position either against a wall or progressed to the floor.
The tests differ in the rotation of the arm; in the empty can test, the arm is rotated to full internal rotation (thumb down) and in the full can test, the arm is rotated to 45° external rotation, thumb up. [1] Once rotated, the clinician pushes down on either the wrists or the elbow, and the patient is instructed to resist the downward pressure.
The ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb runs along the ulnar side of the metacarpo-phalangeal joint of the thumb. The ulnar collateral ligament is an important stabilizer of the thumb. It is on the radial side of the wrist, but on the ulnar side of the thumb.
Serratus anterior weakness impairs arm flexion, and worsening of winging can be demonstrated when pushing against a wall. Muscles spanning from the scapula to the arm are generally spared, which include the deltoid and the rotator cuff muscles. [37] [38] The deltoid can be affected later on, especially the upper portion. [4]
Muscle [3] Visual reference Method of activation 1: Anterior and middle scalenes: Look straight ahead and lift head anterior 2: Posterior scalenes: Turn head 30 degrees away and lift anterior 3-5: Pectoralis minor: Push ipsilateral elbow towards opposite ASIS. 6-8: Serratus Anterior: Push arm anteriorly 9-11: Latissimus dorsi