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The voiced dental fricative is a consonant sound used in some spoken languages.It is familiar to English-speakers as the th sound in father.Its symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is eth, or ð and was taken from the Old English and Icelandic letter eth, which could stand for either a voiced or unvoiced (inter)dental non-sibilant fricative.
In standard English, the phonetic realization of the two dental fricative phonemes shows less variation than many other English consonants. Both are pronounced either interdentally, with the blade of the tongue resting against the lower part of the back of the upper teeth and the tip protruding slightly, or with the tip of the tongue against the back of the upper teeth.
Most commonly, the change is a result of sound assimilation with an adjacent sound of opposite voicing, but it can also occur word-finally or in contact with a specific vowel. For example, the English suffix -s is pronounced [s] when it follows a voiceless phoneme (cats), and [z] when it follows a voiced phoneme (dogs). [1]
There are several types (those used in English being written as th): Voiced dental fricative [ð] - as in the English this, [ðɪs]. [2] Voiceless dental fricative [θ] - as in the English thin, [θɪn]. [2] Dental ejective fricative [θʼ]
Voiceless nasal glottal approximant [h̃] Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop [t̪ʙ̥] Voiceless bidental fricative [h̪͆] Voiceless upper-pharyngeal plosive [ʡ̟] Voiced upper-pharyngeal plosive [ʡ̟̬] Bilabial percussive [ʬ] Bidental percussive [ʭ] Sublaminal lower-alveolar percussive [¡]
Th-fronting is the pronunciation of the English "th" as "f" or "v". When th-fronting is applied, becomes or (for example, three is pronounced like free) and becomes or (for example, further is pronounced like fervour). (Here "fronting" refers to the position in the mouth where the sound is produced, not the position of the sound in the word ...
English also uses th to represent the voiced dental fricative /ð/, as in father. This unusual extension of the digraph to represent a voiced sound is caused by the fact that, in Old English, the sounds [θ] and [ð] stood in allophonic relationship to each other and so did not need to be rigorously distinguished in spelling.
Speech sounds can be described as either voiceless (otherwise known as unvoiced) or voiced. The term, however, is used to refer to two separate concepts: Voicing can refer to the articulatory process in which the vocal folds vibrate, its primary use in phonetics to describe phones, which are particular speech sounds.
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