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The pushd ('push directory') command saves the current working directory to the stack then changes the working directory to the new path input by the user. If pushd is not provided with a path argument , in Unix it instead swaps the top two directories on the stack, which can be used to toggle between two directories.
(Hence the name, ECHO) Usually, this means directly to the screen, but the output of echo can be redirected, like any other command, to files or devices. Often used in batch files to print text out to the user. Another important use of the echo command is to toggle echoing of commands on and off in batch files.
Non-English file names work only if entered through a DOS character set compatible editor. File names with characters outside this set do not work in batch files. To get a command prompt with Unicode instead of Code page 437 or similar, one can use the cmd /U command. In such a command prompt, a batch file with Unicode filenames will work.
If cd is executed without arguments in Unix, the user is returned to the home directory. Executing the cd command within a script or batch file also has different effects in different operating systems. In DOS, the caller's current directory can be directly altered by the batch file's use of this command.
A Primary username is the name you created when you first signed up for an AOL account. In the past, AOL offered the ability to create secondary usernames linked to this Primary username, however, as of November 30, 2017, the ability to add or manage additional usernames has been removed.
Similarly, changing or removing a variable's value inside a DOS or Windows batch file will change the variable for the duration of COMMAND.COMor CMD.EXE's existence, respectively. In Unix, the environment variables are normally initialized during system startup by the system init startup scripts , and hence inherited by all other processes in ...
Command-line interpreters allow users to issue various commands in a very efficient (and often terse) way. This requires the user to know the names of the commands and their parameters, and the syntax of the language that is interpreted. The Unix #! mechanism and OS/2 EXTPROC command facilitate the passing of batch files to external processors ...
The earliest versions were created in 2.9 BSD as a convenience form for who am i, the Berkeley Unix who command's way of printing just the logged in user's identity. This version was developed by Bill Joy .