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While general relativity replaces the scalar gravitational potential of classical physics by a symmetric rank-two tensor, the latter reduces to the former in certain limiting cases. For weak gravitational fields and slow speed relative to the speed of light, the theory's predictions converge on those of Newton's law of universal gravitation. [49]
Mass–energy emitted as gravitational waves during the most energetic black hole merger observed until 2020 (GW170729) [309] 8.8×10 47 J GRB 080916C – formerly the most powerful gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever recorded – total/true [ 310 ] isotropic energy output estimated at 8.8 × 10 47 joules (8.8 × 10 54 erg), or 4.9 times the Sun's mass ...
Potential energy – energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position relative to others, stresses within itself, electric charge, and other factors. [3] [4] Elastic energy – energy of deformation of a material (or its container) exhibiting a restorative force; Gravitational energy – potential energy associated with a gravitational field.
Vector field (blue) and its associated scalar potential field (red). Point P between earth and moon is the point of equilibrium. In physics, a gravitational field or gravitational acceleration field is a vector field used to explain the influences that a body extends into the space around itself. [6]
A flat universe implies a balance between gravitational potential energy and other energy forms, requiring no additional energy to be created. [ 139 ] [ 140 ] The Big Bang theory, built upon the equations of classical general relativity, indicates a singularity at the origin of cosmic time, and such an infinite energy density may be a physical ...
This releases gravitational potential energy, causing the gas to become hotter and emit radiation. Cataclysmic variable stars, where the compact object is a white dwarf, are examples of such systems. [30] In X-ray binaries, the compact object can be either a neutron star or a black hole.
Shenghua Wen, a 41-year-old Chinese national illegally living in Ontario, California, is accused of shipping guns and ammunition to North Korea.
Gravitational collapse is not the only process that could create black holes. In principle, black holes could be formed in high-energy collisions that achieve sufficient density. As of 2002, no such events have been detected, either directly or indirectly as a deficiency of the mass balance in particle accelerator experiments. [ 135 ]