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Temazepam, sold under the brand name Restoril among others, is a medication of the benzodiazepine class which is generally used to treat severe or debilitating insomnia. [8] It is taken by mouth. [8] Temazepam is rapidly absorbed, and significant hypnotic and anxiolytic effects begin in less than 30 minutes and can last for up to eight hours.
Flutemazepam was initially first synthesized in 1965, [1] but was not further described until a team at Stabilimenti Chimici Farmaceutici Riuniti SpA in the mid-1970s. [2] [3] It is a short-acting (9–25 hr elimination half-life) fluorinated analogue of temazepam that has powerful hypnotic, sedative, amnesiac, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant and skeletal muscle relaxant properties.
Overall, anecdotal evidence suggests that temazepam may be the most psychologically habit-forming (addictive) benzodiazepine. Non-medical temazepam use reached epidemic proportions in some parts of the world, in particular, in Europe and Australia, and is a major addictive substance in many Southeast Asian countries.
Temazepam was found in 26% of heroin-related deaths. Temazepam, including tablet formulations, are used intravenously. In an Australian study of 210 heroin users who used temazepam, 48% had injected it. Although abuse of benzodiazepines has decreased over the past few years, temazepam continues to be a major drug of abuse in Australia.
Lormetazepam, sold under the brand name Noctamid among others, is a drug which is a short to intermediate acting 3-hydroxy [3] benzodiazepine derivative and temazepam analogue. [4] It possesses hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It was patented in 1961 and came into medical use in 1980. [5]
A 1993 British study found flurazepam and temazepam to have the highest number of deaths per million prescriptions among medications commonly prescribed in the 1980s. Flurazepam, now rarely prescribed in the United Kingdom and Australia, had the highest fatal toxicity index of any benzodiazepine (15.0) followed by Temazepam (11.9), versus 5.9 ...
Nitemazepam (or 3-hydroxynimetazepam) is a benzodiazepine derivative which was first synthesised in the 1970s but was never marketed. It is the 7-nitro instead of 7-chloro analogue of temazepam, and also the 3-hydroxy derivative of nimetazepam, and an active metabolite.
It is the dimethyl carbamate ester of temazepam, a metabolite of diazepam. [3] While it possesses anxiolytic , anticonvulsant , skeletal muscle relaxant and hypnotic properties [ 4 ] it differs from other benzodiazepines in that its anxiolytic properties are particularly prominent but has comparatively limited anticonvulsant , hypnotic and ...