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Acanthopterygii (meaning "spiny finned one") is a superorder of bony fishes in the class Actinopterygii.Members of this superorder are sometimes called ray-finned fishes for the characteristic sharp, bony rays in their fins; however this name is often given to the class Actinopterygii as a whole.
Actinopterygii (/ ˌ æ k t ɪ n ɒ p t ə ˈ r ɪ dʒ i aɪ /; from actino- 'having rays' and Ancient Greek πτέρυξ (ptérux) 'wing, fins'), members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish [2] that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. [3]
Ganoine or ganoin is a glassy, often multi-layered mineralized tissue that covers the scales, cranial bones and fin rays in some non-teleost ray-finned fishes, [1] such as gars and bichirs, as well as lobe-finned coelacanths. [2] It is composed of rod-like, pseudoprismatic apatite crystallites, with less than 5% of organic matter. [3]
Ganoine is an ancient feature of ray-finned fishes, being found for example on the scales of stem group actinopteryigian Cheirolepis. [17] While often considered a synapomorphic character of ray-finned fishes, ganoine or ganoine-like tissues are also found on the extinct acanthodii. [17]
Acanthuroidei / ə ˌ k æ n θ ə ˈ r ɔɪ d iː aɪ /, is a group of ray finned fishes which is a suborder of the Acanthuriformes, although older classifications regarded it as a suborder of the Perciformes, the largest order of fish,. [2] The suborder includes the surgeonfish and Moorish idol. Members of this suborder have a compressed body ...
Teleostei (/ ˌ t ɛ l i ˈ ɒ s t i aɪ /; Greek teleios "complete" + osteon "bone"), members of which are known as teleosts (/ ˈ t ɛ l i ɒ s t s, ˈ t iː l i-/), [4] is, by far, the largest infraclass in the class Actinopterygii, the ray-finned fishes, [a] and contains 96% of all extant species of fish. Teleosts are arranged into about 40 ...
Clupeiformes / ˈ k l uː p iː ɪ f ɔːr m iː z / is the order of ray-finned fish that includes the herring family, Clupeidae, and the anchovy family, Engraulidae. The group includes many of the most important forage and food fish. Clupeiformes are physostomes, which means that their gas bladder has a pneumatic duct connecting it to the gut.
Ophidiiform fish typically have slender bodies with small heads, and either smooth scales, or none at all. They have long dorsal fins, and an anal fin that is typically united with the caudal fin. The group includes pelagic, benthic, and even parasitic species, although all have a similar body form.