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L-Phenylalanine is an antagonist at α 2 δ Ca 2+ calcium channels with a K i of 980 nM. [25] In the brain, L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist at the glycine binding site of NMDA receptor [26] and at the glutamate binding site of AMPA receptor. [27]
Substituted phenethylamines are a chemical class of organic compounds based upon the phenethylamine structure; [note 2] the class is composed of all the derivative compounds of phenethylamine which can be formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the phenethylamine core structure with substituents.
The amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine are precursors for catecholamines. Both amino acids are found in high concentrations in blood plasma and the brain. In mammals, tyrosine can be formed from dietary phenylalanine by the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, found in large amounts in the liver.
Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) (EC 1.14.16.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydroxylation of the aromatic side-chain of phenylalanine to generate tyrosine.PAH is one of three members of the biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylases, a class of monooxygenase that uses tetrahydrobiopterin (BH 4, a pteridine cofactor) and a non-heme iron for catalysis.
structure summary Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylases ( AAAH ) are a family of aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes which includes phenylalanine 4-hydroxylase ( EC 1.14.16.1 ), tyrosine 3-hydroxylase ( EC 1.14.16.2 ), and tryptophan 5-hydroxylase ( EC 1.14.16.4 ).
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α-Methylphenylalanine (α-MePhe or AMPA) is an artificial amino acid and a phenethylamine and amphetamine derivative. [1] It is the α-methylated analogue of phenylalanine, the precursor of the catecholamine neurotransmitters, and the amino acid analogue of amphetamine (α-methylphenethylamine), a psychostimulant and monoamine releasing agent.
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