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DL-Phenylalanine (DLPA) is marketed as a nutritional supplement for its purported analgesic and antidepressant activities, which have been supported by clinical trials. [18] [19] [20] DL-Phenylalanine is a mixture of D-phenylalanine and L-phenylalanine.
l-DOPA is produced from the amino acid l-tyrosine by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase. l-DOPA can act as an l-tyrosine mimetic and be incorporated into proteins by mammalian cells in place of l-tyrosine, generating protease-resistant and aggregate-prone proteins in vitro and may contribute to neurotoxicity with chronic l-DOPA administration. [10]
D-Phenylalanine (DPA, D-Phe), sold under the brand names Deprenon, Sabiben, and Sabiden, is an enantiomer of phenylalanine which is described as an antidepressant and is marketed as a prescription drug for medical use in Argentina. [1] [2] The medication has been marketed since at least the 1970s [3] and continued to be available by the 2000s. [1]
In humans, catecholamines and phenethylaminergic trace amines are derived from the amino acid L-phenylalanine. By oral route , phenethylamine's half-life is 5–10 minutes; [ 10 ] endogenously produced PEA in catecholamine neurons has a half-life of roughly 30 seconds. [ 3 ]
If phenylalanine is in excess in the blood, it will saturate the transporter. Excessive levels of phenylalanine tend to decrease the levels of other LNAAs in the brain. As these amino acids are necessary for protein and neurotransmitter synthesis, Phe buildup hinders the development of the brain, causing intellectual disability. [26]
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