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Non-access stratum (NAS) is a functional layer in the NR, LTE, UMTS and GSM wireless telecom protocol stacks between the core network and user equipment. [1] This layer is used to manage the establishment of communication sessions and for maintaining continuous communications with the user equipment as it moves.
The purpose of the ANDSF is to assist user equipment (UE) to discover non-3GPP access networks – such as Wi-Fi or WIMAX – that can be used for data communications in addition to 3GPP access networks (such as HSPA or LTE) and to provide the UE with rules policing the connection to these networks.
It was designed to be the global standard for the air interface of 5G networks. [2] It is based on orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), as is the 4G (fourth generation) long-term evolution standard. The 3GPP specification 38 series [3] provides the technical details behind 5G NR, the successor of LTE.
Frequency bands for 5G New Radio (5G NR), which is the air interface or radio access technology of the 5G mobile networks, are separated into two different frequency ranges. First there is Frequency Range 1 (FR1), [ 1 ] which includes sub-7 GHz frequency bands, some of which are traditionally used by previous standards, but has been extended to ...
System Architecture Evolution (SAE) is the core network architecture of mobile communications protocol group 3GPP's LTE wireless communication standard.. SAE is the evolution of the GPRS Core Network, but with a simplified architecture; an all-IP Network (AIPN); support for higher throughput and lower latency radio access networks (RANs); and support for, and mobility between, multiple ...
Wi-Fi is considered to be a non-3GPP WLAN radio access network (RAN). [18] 3GPP has also specified an alternative loosely coupled solution for Wi-Fi. The approach is called Interworking Wireless LAN (IWLAN) [19] architecture and it is a solution to transfer IP data between a mobile device and operator's core network through a Wi-Fi access. In ...
5G-Advanced (also known as 5.5G or 5G-A) is an evolutionary upgrade to 5G technology, defined under the 3GPP Release 18 standard. It serves as a transitional phase between 5G and future 6G networks, focusing on performance optimization, enhanced spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, and expanded functionality.
5G NR and related 5G standards, including 5G-Advanced An evolved IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) developed in an access independent manner 3GPP is a consortium with seven national or regional telecommunication standards organizations as primary members ("organizational partners") and a variety of other organizations as associate members ("market ...