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Xhosa (/ ˈ k ɔː s ə / KAW-sə or / ˈ k oʊ s ə / KOH-sə, [5] [6] [7] Xhosa: [ᵏǁʰôːsa] ⓘ), formerly spelled Xosa and also known by its local name isiXhosa, is a Nguni language, indigenous to Southern Africa and one of the official languages of South Africa and Zimbabwe. [8]
The clicks of Xhosa, in the Lepsius alphabet of 1854. The ṅ is equivalent to ŋ . The pipe with the acute accent was soon replaced with ǂ . The click letters created by Carl Jakob Sundevall in 1855 (right column), along with the corresponding Lepsius letters (center).
Xhosa is an agglutinative tonal language categorized under Bantu linguistic classification. While the Xhosas call their language "isiXhosa", it is usually referred to as "Xhosa" in English. Written Xhosa uses a Latin alphabet–based system.
Xhosa and Yeyi are Bantu languages, from the two geographic areas of that family that have acquired clicks. (Zulu is similar to Xhosa apart from not having /ᵑꞰˀ/) Damin was an initiation jargon in northern Australia. Each language below is illustrated with Ʞ as a placeholder for the different click types.
The charts below show the way in which the IPA is used to transcribe the Nguni languages Swazi, Xhosa, and Zulu.For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
ndl is used for /ndˡ/ in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong. In Xhosa is represents /ndɮ/. ndz is used for /ndz/ in Xhosa. ngʼ is used for /ŋ/ in Swahili. Technically, it may be considered a digraph rather than a trigraph, as ʼ is not a letter of the Swahili alphabet.
Xhosa: xho: xho: Individual Living isiXhosa Sichuan Yi, Nuosu iii: iii: Individual Living ꆈꌠꉙ (Nuosuhxop) Northern Yi; Liangshan Yi standard form of the Yi languages: Yiddish: yid: yid + 2: Macrolanguage Living ייִדיש (Yidiš) Changed in 1989 from original ISO 639:1988, ji. [3] Yoruba: yor: yor: Individual Living èdè Yorùbá ...
Xhosa may refer to: Xhosa people , a nation, and ethnic group, who live in south-central and southeasterly region of South Africa Xhosa language , one of the 11 official languages of South Africa, principally spoken by the Xhosa people