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Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%.
The concept of permeability is of importance in determining the flow characteristics of hydrocarbons in oil and gas reservoirs, [4] and of groundwater in aquifers. [5]For a rock to be considered as an exploitable hydrocarbon reservoir without stimulation, its permeability must be greater than approximately 100 md (depending on the nature of the hydrocarbon – gas reservoirs with lower ...
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Formation testing is the only tool that can directly measure a rock formation's permeability down a well. [9] In case of its absence, which is common in most cases, an estimate for permeability can be derived from empirical relationships with other measurements such as porosity, NMR and sonic logging.
Porosity logs measure the fraction or percentage of pore volume in a volume of rock. Most porosity logs use either acoustic or nuclear technology. Acoustic logs measure characteristics of sound waves propagated through the well-bore environment. Nuclear logs utilize nuclear reactions that take place in the downhole logging instrument or in the ...
Micro CT of porous medium: Pores of the porous medium shown as purple color and impermeable porous matrix shown as green-yellow color. Pore structure is a common term employed to characterize the porosity, pore size, pore size distribution, and pore morphology (such as pore shape, surface roughness, and tortuosity of pore channels) of a porous medium.
Porosity that is not considered "effective porosity" includes water bound to clay particles (known as bound water) and isolated "vuggy" porosity (vugs not connected to other pores, or dead-end pores). The effective porosity is of great importance in considering the suitability of rocks or sediments as oil or gas reservoirs, or as aquifers.
In petrophysics, Archie's law is a purely empirical law relating the measured electrical conductivity of a porous rock to its porosity and fluid saturation. It is named after Gus Archie (1907–1978) and laid the foundation for modern well log interpretation, as it relates borehole electrical conductivity measurements to hydrocarbon saturations.