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A Unix shell is a command-line interpreter or shell that provides a command line user interface for Unix-like operating systems. The shell is both an interactive command language and a scripting language , and is used by the operating system to control the execution of the system using shell scripts .
A shell script is a computer program designed to be run by a Unix shell, a command-line interpreter. [1] The various dialects of shell scripts are considered to be command languages . Typical operations performed by shell scripts include file manipulation, program execution, and printing text.
Version 1 AT&T UNIX comm: Text processing Mandatory Select or reject lines common to two files Version 4 AT&T UNIX command: Shell programming Mandatory Execute a simple command compress: Filesystem Optional (XSI) Compress data 4.3BSD cp: Filesystem Mandatory Copy files PDP-7 UNIX crontab: Misc Mandatory Schedule periodic background work System ...
Commands external to the shell: Separate UNIX-style programs such as ls or ln, and; Shell scripts, which are files containing executable commands. (Shell scripts do not require compilation before execution and, when certain requirements are met, can be invoked as commands by using their filename.) The resulting string is executed as a command.
Indeed, the (command-line) shell encapsulates the operating system kernel. These are also sometimes referred to as "wrappers". [2] In expert systems, a shell is a piece of software that is an "empty" expert system without the knowledge base for any particular application. [15]
dirname is a standard computer program on Unix and Unix-like operating systems. When dirname is given a pathname, it will delete any suffix beginning with the last slash ('/') character and return the result. dirname is described in the Single UNIX Specification and is primarily used in shell scripts.
Windows PowerShell, a command processor based on .NET Framework. PowerShell, a command processor based on .NET; Hamilton C shell, a clone of the Unix C shell by Hamilton Laboratories; Take Command Console (4NT), a clone of CMD.EXE with added features by JP Software; Take Command, a newer incarnation of 4NT
In Unix-like operating systems, true and false are commands whose only function is to always return with a predetermined exit status.Programmers and scripts often use the exit status of a command to assess success (exit status zero) or failure (non-zero) of the command.