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Ammonia solution, also known as ammonia water, ammonium hydroxide, ammoniacal liquor, ammonia liquor, aqua ammonia, aqueous ammonia, or (inaccurately) ammonia, is a solution of ammonia in water. It can be denoted by the symbols NH 3 (aq). Although the name ammonium hydroxide suggests a salt with the composition [NH + 4][OH −
In an aqueous solution, it can be expelled by boiling. The aqueous solution of ammonia is basic, and may be described as aqueous ammonia or ammonium hydroxide. [30] The maximum concentration of ammonia in water (a saturated solution) has a specific gravity of 0.880 and is often known as '.880 ammonia'. [31]
Ammonia (ammonium hydroxide) Aqueous NH 3 (NH 4 OH) −80.8 Ammonia: Gas NH 3: −46.1 Ammonium nitrate: Solid NH 4 NO 3: −365.6 Ammonium chloride: Solid NH 4 Cl −314.55 Nitrogen dioxide: Gas NO 2: 33.2 Hydrazine: Gas N 2 H 4: 95.4 Hydrazine: Liquid N 2 H 4: 50.6 Nitrous oxide: Gas N 2 O 82.05 Nitric oxide: Gas NO 90.29 Dinitrogen tetroxide ...
The sample solution is then distilled with a small amount of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). [3] NaOH can also be added with a dropping funnel. [4] NaOH reacts the ammonium (NH 4 +) to ammonia (NH 3), which boils off the sample solution. Ammonia bubbles through the standard acid solution and reacts back to ammonium salts with the weak or strong acid. [3]
The table above gives properties of the vapor–liquid equilibrium of anhydrous ammonia at various temperatures. The second column is vapor pressure in kPa. The third column is the density of the liquid phase. The fourth column is the density of the vapor.
Ammonium bicarbonate is produced by combining carbon dioxide and ammonia: CO 2 + NH 3 + H 2 O → (NH 4)HCO 3. Since ammonium bicarbonate is thermally unstable, the reaction solution is kept cold, which allows the precipitation of the product as white solid. About 100,000 tons were produced in this way in 1997.
The energy released by the solvation of the ammonium ions and nitrate ions is less than the energy absorbed in breaking up the ammonium nitrate ionic lattice and the attractions between water molecules. Dissolving potassium hydroxide is exothermic, as more energy is released during solvation than is used in breaking up the solute and solvent.
It is precipitated by adding aqueous ammonium hydroxide after uranium extraction by tertiary amines in kerosene. This precipitate is then thickened and centrifuged before being calcined to uranium oxide. Canadian practice favours the production of uranium oxide from ammonium diuranate, rather than from uranyl nitrate as is the case elsewhere.