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The Mediterranean Sea encompasses a vast number of islands, some of them of volcanic origin. The two largest islands, in both area and population, are Sicily and Sardinia. The Mediterranean Sea has an average depth of 1,500 m (4,900 ft) and the deepest recorded point is 5,109 ± 1 m (16,762 ± 3 ft) in the Calypso Deep in the Ionian Sea.
The General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) is a publicly available bathymetric chart of the world's oceans. The project was conceived with the aim of preparing a global series of charts showing the general shape of the seafloor. Over the years it has become a reference map of the bathymetry of the world's oceans for scientists and others.
A bathymetric chart is a type of isarithmic map that depicts the submerged bathymetry and physiographic features of ocean and sea bottoms. [1] Their primary purpose is to provide detailed depth contours of ocean topography as well as provide the size, shape and distribution of underwater features.
The first dives of the 2020 season commenced with dives to the French submarine Minerve in the Mediterranean Sea on 1–2 February 2020, and the second crewed descent to the Calypso Deep. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] On 10 February 2020 Victor Vescovo and Prince Albert II of Monaco reached the bottom of the Calypso Deep at a newly calculated depth of 5,109 m ...
Bathymeric charts showcase depth using a series of lines and points at equal intervals, called depth contours or isobaths (a type of contour line). A closed shape with increasingly smaller shapes inside of it can indicate an ocean trench or a seamount, or underwater mountain, depending on whether the depths increase or decrease going inward.
A chart datum is the water level surface serving as origin of depths displayed on a nautical chart and for reporting and predicting tide heights. A chart datum is generally derived from some tidal phase, in which case it is also known as a tidal datum. [1] Common chart datums are lowest astronomical tide (LAT) [1] and mean lower low water (MLLW).
The average depth of the oceans is about 4 km. More precisely the average depth is 3,688 meters (12,100 ft). [72] Nearly half of the world's marine waters are over 3,000 meters (9,800 ft) deep. [27] "Deep ocean," which is anything below 200 meters (660 ft), covers about 66% of Earth's surface. [87]
Tropical and subtropical seas, such as the Red Sea and the Mediterranean, can experience salinities as high as 40-41 ppt due to intense evaporation and restricted water exchange with the open ocean. Halocline: The halocline is a layer within the ocean where salinity changes rapidly with depth. This stratification can be influenced by surface ...