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The masked lapwing (Vanellus miles) is a large, common and conspicuous bird native to Australia (particularly the northern and eastern parts of the continent), New Zealand and New Guinea. It spends most of its time on the ground searching for food such as insects and worms, and has several distinctive calls.
The trend in recent years has been to rationalise the common names of the Charadriidae. For example, the large and very common Australian bird traditionally known as the ‘spur-winged plover’, is now the masked lapwing; the former ‘sociable plover’ is now the sociable lapwing.
The masked lapwing (also known as the spur-winged plover) has carpal spurs. Nesting pairs defend their territory against all intruders by calling loudly, spreading their wings, and then swooping fast and low, and where necessary, striking at interlopers with their feet and attacking animals on the ground with the conspicuous yellow spurs.
The yellow-wattled lapwing (Vanellus malabaricus) is a lapwing that is endemic to the Indian Subcontinent. It is found mainly on the dry plains of peninsular India and has a sharp call and is capable of fast flight. Although they do not migrate, they are known to make seasonal movements in response to rains.
Grey-headed lapwing: Vanellus cinereus (Blyth, 1842) 35 Red-wattled lapwing: Vanellus indicus (Boddaert, 1783) 36 Javan lapwing: Vanellus macropterus (Wagler, 1827) 37 Banded lapwing: Vanellus tricolor (Vieillot, 1818) 38 Masked lapwing: Vanellus miles (Boddaert, 1783) 39 Sociable lapwing: Vanellus gregarius (Pallas, 1771) 40 White-tailed lapwing
The food of the spur-winged lapwing is insects and other invertebrates, which are picked from the ground. It lays four blotchy yellowish eggs on a ground scrape. The spur-winged lapwing is known to sometimes use the wing-claws in an attack on animals and, rarely, people, who get too close to the birds' exposed offspring.
Gray-headed lapwing: Vanellus cinereus (A) Banded lapwing: Vanellus tricolor: Masked lapwing: Vanellus miles: Lesser sand-plover: Charadrius mongolus: Greater sand-plover: Charadrius leschenaultii: Double-banded plover: Charadrius bicinctus (A) Red-capped plover: Charadrius ruficapillus: Kentish plover: Charadrius alexandrinus (A) Common ringed ...
Although the most familiar Eurasian lapwing, Vanellus vanellus (northern lapwing), has a wispy crest, only two other species do so. Red or yellow facial wattles are a more typical decoration. Only northern, sociable, white-tailed, grey-headed and brown-chested lapwings are truly migratory species.