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Egyptian pharaohs were kings of Ancient Egypt, and were considered gods by their culture. Their titles equated them with aspects of the likes of the hawk god Horus, the vulture goddess Nekhbet, and the cobra-goddess Wadjet. The Egyptians believed that when their Pharaoh died, he would continue to lead them in the next life, which is why his ...
Many gods were associated with particular regions in Egypt where their cults were most important. However, these associations changed over time, and they did not mean that the god associated with a place had originated there. For instance, the god Montu was original patron of the city of Thebes.
In ancient Egypt, it was standard for pharaohs to be worshipped posthumously as transfigured beings amongst the royal ancestors. This was generally performed in the form of a mortuary cult. [1] [2] During the pharaoh's lifetime, they were generally recognized as having divine properties, in accordance with imperial cult government.
Pharaoh (/ ˈ f ɛər oʊ /, US also / ˈ f eɪ. r oʊ /; [4] Egyptian: pr ꜥꜣ; [note 1] Coptic: ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ, romanized: Pǝrro; Biblical Hebrew: פַּרְעֹה Parʿō) [5] was the title of the monarch of ancient Egypt from the First Dynasty (c. 3150 BCE) until the annexation of Egypt by the Roman Republic in 30 BCE. [6]
It is possible that Amenhotep I and his mother Ahmose-Nefertari founded the tomb workers village of Deir-el-Medina, the two were honored as gods by later residents. [ 135 ] 1515-1494 BC [ 136 ] or 1514-1494 BC [ 132 ]
But few pharaohs were worshipped as gods long after their lifetimes, and non-official texts portray kings in a human light. For these reasons, scholars disagree about how genuinely most Egyptians believed the king to be a god. He may only have been considered divine when he was performing ceremonies. [180]
These various conceptions of divinity were not considered contradictory but rather layers in the multiple facets of reality. [155] The gods Osiris, Anubis, and Horus in the tomb of Horemheb in the Valley of the Kings. Gods were worshiped in cult temples administered by priests acting on the king's behalf.
Dedun – A Nubian god, said to provide the Ancient Egyptians with incense and other resources that came from Nubia [85] Denwen – A Serpent and dragon god [86] Djebuty – Tutelary deity of Edfu [87] Djedefhor – Son of Pharaoh Khufu who was deified after death because he wrote a book considered to be the work of a god [86] Djefa – God of ...