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Dissociation in chemistry is a general process in which molecules (or ionic compounds such as salts, or complexes) separate or split into other things such as atoms, ions, or radicals, usually in a reversible manner.
In chemistry, bond cleavage, or bond fission, is the splitting of chemical bonds. This can be generally referred to as dissociation when a molecule is cleaved into two or more fragments. [1] In general, there are two classifications for bond cleavage: homolytic and heterolytic, depending on the nature of the process.
In an octahedral environment, the 5 otherwise degenerate d-orbitals split in sets of 3 and 2 orbitals (for a more in-depth explanation, see crystal field theory): 3 orbitals of low energy: d xy, d xz and d yz and; 2 orbitals of high energy: d z 2 and d x 2 −y 2. The energy difference between these 2 sets of d-orbitals is called the splitting ...
In chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmacology, a dissociation constant (K D) is a specific type of equilibrium constant that measures the propensity of a larger object to separate (dissociate) reversibly into smaller components, as when a complex falls apart into its component molecules, or when a salt splits up into its component ions.
The water-splitting reaction is catalyzed by the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II. This protein-bound inorganic complex contains four manganese ions, plus calcium and chloride ions as cofactors. Two water molecules are complexed by the manganese cluster, which then undergoes a series of four electron removals (oxidations) to replenish ...
The homolytic bond dissociation energies, usually abbreviated as "ΔH °" are a measure of bond strength. Splitting H 2 into 2 H •, for example, requires a ΔH ° of +435 kJ/mol, while splitting Cl 2 into two Cl • requires a ΔH ° of +243 kJ/mol. For weak bonds, homolysis can be induced thermally.
Plasmalysis is a electrochemical process that requires a voltage source.On the one hand, it describes the plasma-chemical dissociation of organic and inorganic compounds (e.g. C-H and N-H compounds) in interaction with a thermal/non-thermal plasma between two electrodes.
Photocatalytic water splitting is a process that uses photocatalysis for the dissociation of water (H 2 O) into hydrogen (H 2) and oxygen (O 2). The inputs are light energy , water, and a catalyst(s). The process is inspired by Photosynthesis, which converts water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbohydrates.