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The periaortic lymph node group is divided into three subgroups: preaortic, paraaortic, and retroaortic: The preaortic group drains the gastrointestinal viscera. They can be subdivided into three groups: the celiac nodes, the superior mesenteric nodes, and the inferior mesenteric nodes.
In the area of the coccyx there is a small ganglion impar. The stellate ganglion is so named due to its radiating pattern similar in appearance to a star. The general rule of interaction of the nerve fibers in the sympathetic nervous system begins at the spinal cord.
The thoracolumbar fascia (lumbodorsal fascia or thoracodorsal fascia) is a complex, [1]: 1137 multilayer arrangement of fascial and aponeurotic layers forming a separation between the paraspinal muscles on one side, and the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall (quadratus lumborum, and psoas major [1]: 1137 ) on the other.
Paraspinal inhibition is an osteopathic manipulative technique in which the fascia around the spine is softened with one's hands in order to decrease the sympathetic output from the sympathetic ganglion which reside in the paraspinal area.
[1]: 274 It consists of a superficial lamina derived primarily from the latissimus dorsi and serratus posterior inferior, and a deeper lamina which forms a retinacular sheet encapsulating the paraspinal muscles. [3] The posterior layer is attached to the spinous processes of lumbar and sacral vertebrae, and to the supraspinous ligament.
The CVA is an anatomic concept of the relationship of the 12th rib to the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae. [1] There is one CVA on each side of the spine. [2] The lateral part of the CVA is formed by the lower border of the 12th rib, and the medial part of the CVA is formed by the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae. [1]
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The sympathetic trunk is a fundamental part of the sympathetic nervous system, and part of the autonomic nervous system.It allows nerve fibres to travel to spinal nerves that are superior and inferior to the one in which they originated.