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Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), the first twelve-step fellowship, was founded in 1935 by Bill Wilson and Dr. Robert Holbrook Smith, known to AA members as "Bill W." and "Dr. Bob", in Akron, Ohio. In 1946 they formally established the twelve traditions to help deal with the issues of how various groups could relate and function as membership grew.
Alcoholics Anonymous publishes several books, reports, pamphlets, and other media, including a periodical known as the AA Grapevine. [47] Two books are used primarily: Alcoholics Anonymous (the "Big Book") and, expounding on the big book in regard to its subject, Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions.
List of initialisms, acronyms ("words made from parts of other words, pronounceable"), and other abbreviations used by the government and the military of the United States. Note that this list is intended to be specific to the United States government and military—other nations will have their own acronyms.
1957 Alcoholics Anonymous Comes of Age was published. [86] 1962 The Twelve Concepts for World Service were adopted by AA as a guideline for international issues. [87] 1962 The movie Days of Wine and Roses depicted an alcoholic in AA. [88] 1971 Bill Wilson dies. His last words to AA members were "God bless you and Alcoholics Anonymous forever." [81]
NA sprang from the Alcoholics Anonymous Program of the mid-1930s, and was founded by Jimmy Kinnon. [16] Meetings first emerged in Los Angeles in the early 1950s. The NA program, officially founded in 1953, [ 17 ] started as a small US-based movement that has grown into the world's largest 12 step recovery program for drug addiction.
SMART Recovery is based on scientific knowledge and is intended to evolve as scientific knowledge evolves. [4] The program uses principles of motivational interviewing, found in motivational enhancement therapy (MET), [5] and techniques taken from rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), as well as scientifically validated research on treatment. [6]
After being asked to speak on his experiences in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Al-Anon to this group, Tony A. joined as a member. When fewer people were in attendance, Tony A. opened up the group to AA members who were adult children. Eventually, Tony started a co-current group called Generations which was not affiliated with any twelve-step group.
initialism = an abbreviation pronounced wholly or partly using the names of its constituent letters, e.g., CD = compact disc, pronounced cee dee; pseudo-blend = an abbreviation whose extra or omitted letters mean that it cannot stand as a true acronym, initialism, or portmanteau (a word formed by combining two or more words).