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Many of these problems are easily solvable provided that other geometric transformations are allowed; for example, neusis construction can be used to solve the former two problems. In terms of algebra, a length is constructible if and only if it represents a constructible number, and an angle is constructible if and only if its cosine is a ...
Mathematical puzzles require mathematics to solve them. Logic puzzles are a common type of mathematical puzzle. Conway's Game of Life and fractals , as two examples, may also be considered mathematical puzzles even though the solver interacts with them only at the beginning by providing a set of initial conditions.
Mathematically, edge-matching puzzles are two-dimensional. A 3D edge-matching puzzle is such a puzzle that is not flat in Euclidean space, so involves tiling a three-dimensional area such as the surface of a regular polyhedron. As before, polygonal pieces have distinguished edges to require that the edges of adjacent pieces match.
A minimum edge covering is an edge covering of smallest possible size. The edge covering number ρ(G) is the size of a minimum edge covering. The following figure shows examples of minimum edge coverings (again, the set C is marked with red). Note that the figure on the right is not only an edge cover but also a matching.
If the solution to any problem can be formulated recursively using the solution to its sub-problems, and if its sub-problems are overlapping, then one can easily memoize or store the solutions to the sub-problems in a table (often an array or hashtable in practice). Whenever we attempt to solve a new sub-problem, we first check the table to see ...
First, you have to understand the problem. [2] After understanding, make a plan. [3] Carry out the plan. [4] Look back on your work. [5] How could it be better? If this technique fails, Pólya advises: [6] "If you cannot solve the proposed problem, try to solve first some related problem. Could you imagine a more accessible related problem?"
Each row, column, or block of the Sudoku puzzle forms a clique in the Sudoku graph, whose size equals the number of symbols used to solve the puzzle. A graph coloring of the Sudoku graph using this number of colors (the minimum possible number of colors for this graph) can be interpreted as a solution to the puzzle.
Given the edge of a cube, the problem requires the construction of the edge of a second cube whose volume is double that of the first. As with the related problems of squaring the circle and trisecting the angle , doubling the cube is now known to be impossible to construct by using only a compass and straightedge , but even in ancient times ...