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Schematic of an AGC used in the analog telephone network; the feedback from output level to gain is effected via a Vactrol resistive opto-isolator.. Automatic gain control (AGC) is a closed-loop feedback regulating circuit in an amplifier or chain of amplifiers, the purpose of which is to maintain a suitable signal amplitude at its output, despite variation of the signal amplitude at the input.
A regenerative circuit is an amplifier circuit that employs positive feedback (also known as regeneration or reaction). [1] [2] Some of the output of the amplifying device is applied back to its input to add to the input signal, increasing the amplification. [3]
The basic application of the tube is in multivibrator-type horizontal-deflection circuits, AGC-amplifier and sync-separator. [5] They were most common and popular in RCA's CTC line of color television sets, as color demodulators. They were infamous for their failure, and therefore, often needed replacing. [6]
In a superheterodyne receiver, AGC is usually applied to the IF amplifier, and there may be a second AGC loop to control the gain of the RF amplifier to prevent it from overloading, too. In certain receiver designs such as modern digital receivers, a related problem is DC offset of the signal.
Note that there is no AGC loop, but simply uses a high-gain IF amplifier which is intentionally driven into saturation (or limiting). For single conversion superheterodyne AM receivers designed for medium wave (AM broadcast) the IF is commonly 455 kHz. Most superheterodyne receivers designed for broadcast FM (88 - 108 MHz) use an IF of 10.7 MHz.
AGC is applied by the resistor from the output to the "earthy" end of the input coil. Basic gain is set by the load resistor. The current consumption is so low that a 1.8 V red LED (not the 2.2 V high efficiency types) can be used as a shunt regulator from 3 V batteries or a 5 V supply.
In this case, the analog multiplier may be considered to be a voltage controlled amplifier. Obvious applications would be for electronic volume control and automatic gain control (AGC). Although analog multipliers are often used for such applications, voltage-controlled amplifiers are not necessarily true analog multipliers.
The control-grid of the triode-amplifier section is connected to a point where a negative control voltage dependent on signal strength is available, e.g. the automatic gain control (AGC) line in an AM superheterodyne receiver, or the limiter stage or FM detector in an FM receiver. As a station is tuned in the triode-grid becomes more negative ...
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