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Aḥmad ibn Mājid (Arabic: أحمد بن ماجد), also known as the "Arab Admiral" (أمير البحر العربي, ʿAmīr al-Baḥr al-ʿArabī) and the "Lion of the Sea", [1] was an Arab navigator and cartographer born c. 1432 [2] in Julfar, the present-day Ras Al Khaimah in the United Arab Emirates.
Julfar was the birthplace of celebrated seafarer, navigator and cartographer Ahmad Ibn Majid, the 'Lion of the Sea', in 1432 - a time that corresponds with the town's emergence as a major maritime and mercantile hub. [12]
It was a well known landmark to navigators and legendary Arab explorer Ahmad ibn Mājid wrote of El-Sheikh and a few other notable landmarks and ports of the northern Somali coast, including Berbera, Siyara, the Sa'ad ad-Din islands aka the Zeila Archipelago near Zeila, Alula, Maydh, Ruguda, Heis and El-Darad. [5]
Julfar was the birthplace of the renowned navigator Ahmed ibn Majid, a focal point for maritime power, and the only port providing access from the Persian Gulf to south-east Arabia. [31] It is strategically located close to the Strait of Hormuz, which boosted maritime trade, which in turn made Julfar an importance place for successive empires. [32]
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Abūʾl-Maymūn ʿAbd al-Majīd ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Mustanṣir, better known by his regnal name as al-Ḥāfiẓ li-Dīn Allāh (Arabic: الحافظ لدين الله, lit. 'Keeper of God's Religion'), was the eleventh Fatimid caliph , ruling over Egypt from 1132 to his death in 1149, and the 21st imam of Hafizi Isma'ilism .
One of Ras Al Khaimah's most celebrated sons, Ibn Majid, was a hugely influential seaman, navigator and cartographer, [15] [16] and there is evidence in his writing that the town he came from was at that time known as Ras Al Khaimah, [5] that town having eclipsed Julfar as the principal port and settlement of the Shimal coast.
In the 15th century, the description given by Ibn Majid while aligning the compass with the pole star indicates that he was aware of magnetic declination. An explicit value for the declination is given by ʿIzz al-Dīn al-Wafāʾī (fl. 1450s in Cairo).