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Porcelain dish, Chinese Qing, 1644–1911, Hard-paste decorated in underglaze cobalt blue V&A Museum no. 491-1931 [1] Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Hard-paste porcelain, sometimes called "true porcelain", is a ceramic material that was originally made from a compound of the feldspathic rock petuntse and kaolin fired at a very high temperature, usually around 1400 °C.
Hard-paste porcelain was invented in China, and it was also used in Japanese porcelain.Most of the finest quality porcelain wares are made of this material. The earliest European porcelains were produced at the Meissen factory in the early 18th century; they were formed from a paste composed of kaolin and alabaster and fired at temperatures up to 1,400 °C (2,552 °F) in a wood-fired kiln ...
The word ceramic comes from the Ancient Greek word κεραμικÏŒς (keramikós), meaning "of or for pottery" [4] (from κÎραμος (kéramos) 'potter's clay, tile, pottery'). [5] The earliest known mention of the root ceram- is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we , workers of ceramic, written in Linear B syllabic script. [ 6 ]
Outside East Asia, porcelain was manufactured at any scale only from the 18th century AD, and then initially as an expensive luxury. Tea served in a kulhar, which are disposable earthenware teacups in South Asia. After it is fired, earthenware is opaque and non-vitreous, [7] soft and capable of being scratched with a knife. [4]
Chemical porcelain A type of porcelain characterised by low thermal expansion, high mechanical strength and high chemical resistance. Used for laboratory ware, such as evaporating dishes and reaction vessels. [5] China clay Synonym for kaolin: a raw material for many types of clay body, and is the main clay for porcelain. [6] China stone
Examples of oxides that do not lose their colour during a glost firing are the cobalt blue made famous by Chinese Ming dynasty blue and white porcelain and the cobalt and turquoise blues, pale purple, sage green, and bole red characteristic of Ä°znik pottery – only some European centres knew how to achieve a good red. [3]
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