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The USLE was developed from erosion plot and rainfall simulator experiments. The USLE is composed of six factors to predict the long-term average annual soil loss (A). The equation includes the rainfall erosivity factor (R), the soil erodibility factor (K), the topographic factors (L and S), and the cropping management factors (C and P). The ...
where R is the rainfall erosivity factor, K is the soil erodibility, [3] [4] L and S are topographic factors representing length and slope, and C and P are cropping management factors. Other factors such as the stone content (referred as stoniness), which acts as protection against soil erosion, are very significant in Mediterranean countries.
where R is the rainfall erosivity factor, [100] [101] K is the soil erodibility factor, [102] L and S are topographic factors [103] representing length and slope, [104] C is the cover and management factor [105] and P is the support practices factor. [106]
This equation incorporates several key variables: the Soil Erodibility Index (I), which measures the susceptibility of soil to erosion; the Soil Ridge Roughness Factor (K), reflecting the surface roughness and its impact on wind flow; the Climatic Factor (C), representing the influence of wind speed and frequency on erosion; the Unsheltered ...
The difference in hydraulic head used to calculate the shear stress also does not factor in the energy dissipated due to flow recirculation and expansion losses downstream of the test specimen. Furthermore, estimating the diameter of the hole throughout the test using an assumed friction factor has been reported as problematic. [5] [6]
The erosion index (EI, also called the erodibility index) is created by dividing potential erosion (from all sources except gully erosion) by the T value, which is the rate of soil erosion above which long term productivity may be adversely affected.
Where w s is the mean source width, ρ w is the density of water, R 0 is the average precipitation rate, W* is the width of the channel head, ρ s is the saturated bulk density of the soil, K z is the vertical saturated hydraulic conductivity, θ is the slope at the channel head, and φ is the soil angle of internal friction.
Conceptually, the process of tillage erosion (E Ti) can be described as a function of tillage erosivity (ET) and landscape erodibility (EL): [9]. E Ti = f(ET, EL) . Tillage erosivity (ET) is defined as the propensity of a tillage operation, or a sequence of operations, to erode soil and is affected by the design and operation of the tillage implement (e.g., the size, arrangement and shape of ...