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The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, [a] often shortened to the Red Army, [b] was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union.The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars [1] to oppose the military forces of the new nation's adversaries during the Russian Civil War, especially the various groups ...
On 12 January 1945, the Red Army began the Vistula–Oder Offensive across the Narew River and from Warsaw, a three-day operation on a broad front, which incorporated four army Fronts. [16] On the fourth day, the Red Army broke out and started moving west, up to 30 to 40 km (19 to 25 mi) per day, taking East Prussia , Danzig , and Poznań ...
However, most of the German inhabitants, which at that point consisted mainly of children, women, and old men, did escape the Red Army as part of the largest exodus of people in human history. [48] Antony Beevor said: A population which had stood at 2.2 million in 1940 was reduced to 193,000 at the end of May 1945. [49]
At the start of the civil war, former Tsarist officers formed three-quarters of the Red Army officer-corps. [36] By its end, 83% of all Red Army divisional and corps commanders were ex-Tsarist soldiers. [35]
After the end of the war in Europe, the Red Army attacked Japan and Manchukuo (Japan's puppet state in Manchuria) on 9 August 1945, and in combination with Mongolian and Chinese Communist forces rapidly overwhelmed the outnumbered Kwantung Army. Soviet forces also attacked in Sakhalin, in the Kuril Islands and in northern Korea. Japan ...
The Red Army defeated the Chinese and compelled them to uphold the provisions of the Agreement of 1924. 1934 Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang: Xinjiang: Red Army and GPU troops attacked the Chinese Muslim 36th Division (National Revolutionary Army) and Han chinese Ili troops led by Generals Ma Zhongying and Zhang Peiyuan. Military stalemate. 1937
However, by the end of 1942 the Soviet Red Army began pushing back the Wehrmacht through a series of offensives that preceded the Red Army's encroachment upon Hungarian territory in 1943–44. In September 1944 Soviet forces crossed into Hungary, launching the Budapest Offensive.
At the end of January 1945, the Red Army was about 88 kilometers from the outskirts of Berlin. Soviet forces took to the offensive after the spectacular defeat of Army Group Centre following Operation Bagration in 1944 from which the Wehrmacht forces never recovered. In the winter of 1944 they pushed the German front lines back across Poland ...