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They occur in the parotoid glands, skin, and poison of many toads (Bufonidae family) and other amphibians, and in some plants and mushrooms. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The exact composition varies greatly with the specific source of the toxin.
The parotoid gland (alternatively, paratoid gland) is an external skin gland on the back, neck, and shoulder of some frogs (especially toads), and salamanders. It can secrete a number of milky alkaloid substances (depending on the species) known collectively as bufotoxins , which act as neurotoxins to deter predation .
The use of chan'su and love stone (a related toad skin preparation used as an aphrodisiac in the West Indies) has resulted in several cases of poisoning and at least one death. [24] [28] The practice of orally ingesting toad poison has been referred to in popular culture and in the scientific literature as toad licking and has drawn media ...
Poison ivy. What it looks like: Poison ivy is a type of allergic contact dermatitis that is caused by the oil (urushiol oil) in the poison ivy plant, explains Karan Lal, D.O., M.S., F.A.A.D ...
The toad defends itself with a toxin found on its skin. The toxin is released from the parotoid glands which can be identified as pale spots found towards the head. The main component found in the venom is called bufotoxin. All of the venom found on the toad's skin is enough to cause serious symptoms or even death in the attacker.
The toad's primary defense system is glands that produce a poison that may be potent enough to kill a grown dog. [12] These parotoid glands also produce 5-methoxy-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) [13] and bufotenin (which is named after the Bufo genus of toads); both of these chemicals belong to the family of hallucinogenic tryptamines. Bufotenin ...
Bufagin is a toxic steroid C 24 H 34 O 5 [3] obtained from toad's milk, the poisonous secretion of a skin gland on the back of the neck of a large toad (Rhinella marina, synonym Bufo marinus, the cane toad). The toad produces this secretion when it is injured, scared or provoked.
These glands contain an alkaloid poison which the toads excrete when stressed. The poison in the glands contains a number of toxins causing different effects. Bufotoxin is a general term. Different animals contain significantly different substances and proportions of substances. Some, like the cane toad Rhinella marina, are more