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Angle of incidence of an airplane wing on an airplane. On fixed-wing aircraft, the angle of incidence (sometimes referred to as the mounting angle [1] or setting angle) is the angle between the chord line of the wing where the wing is mounted to the fuselage, and a reference axis along the fuselage (often the direction of minimum drag, or where applicable, the longitudinal axis).
In aviation, a tractor configuration is a propeller-driven fixed-wing aircraft with its engine mounted with the propeller in front, so that the aircraft is "pulled" through the air. This is the usual configuration; the pusher configuration places the airscrew behind, and "pushes" the aircraft forward.
The main problem with the circulation control wing is the need for high energy air to be blown over the wing's surface. Such air is often bled from the engine; however, this drastically reduces engine power production and consequently counteracts the purpose of the wing. Other options are taking the exhaust gases (which must first be cooled) or ...
Low wing: mounted near or below the bottom of the fuselage. Mid wing: mounted approximately halfway up the fuselage. Shoulder wing: mounted on the upper part or "shoulder" of the fuselage, slightly below the top of the fuselage. A shoulder wing is sometimes considered a subtype of high wing. [1] [2] High wing: mounted on the upper fuselage ...
In such designs, the high mounted wing is above the aircraft's center of gravity which confers extra dihedral effect due to the pendulum effect (also called the keel effect) and so additional dihedral angle is often not required. Such designs can have excessive dihedral effect and so be excessively stable in the spiral mode, so anhedral angle ...
Some jet fighters use podded engines, typically under and mounted directly to the wing. An example was the Messerschmitt Me 262, which had the nacelles mounted directly to the undersides of the wings, with no pylons being used. The A-10 Thunderbolt II ground-attack aircraft uses fuselage-mounted podded
While most aircraft have a central thrust line, it can sometimes be advantageous to break symmetry. For example, a single front-mounted tractor propeller may provide sufficient thrust, alongside a nose-mounted cockpit for good pilot visibility. In such cases the engine's thrust line is offset to one side, creating a turning moment.
They can be used as an alternative to wing fences, which also restrict airflow along the span of the wing. [1] Vortilons only stream vortices at high angles of attack [8] and produce less drag at higher speeds than wing fences. [9] Pylons used to mount jet engines under the wing produce a similar effect. [10]