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Southern Arapaho, Náwunena or Noowunenno ' ("Southern People"), are called by the Northern Arapaho Nawathi'neha ("Southerners"); the Kiowa know them as Ähayädal, the (plural) name for the wild plum. The sign for the Southern Arapaho is made by rubbing the index finger against the side of the nose.
Nawathinehena is extinct and Arapaho and Gros Ventre are both endangered. [1] [2] Besawunena, attested only from a word list collected by Kroeber, differs only slightly from Arapaho, but a few of its sound changes resemble those seen in Gros Ventre. It had speakers among the Northern Arapaho as recently as the late 1920s. [citation needed]
Territory of Wind River Reservation. The Wind River Indian Reservation, in the west-central portion of the U.S. state of Wyoming, is shared by two Native American tribes, the Eastern Shoshone (Shoshoni: Gweechoon Deka, meaning: "buffalo eaters") [4] and the Northern Arapaho (Arapaho: hoteiniiciiheheʼ). [5]
Mark Soldier Wolf (born 1927 or 1928 [1] – died 2018) [2] was an Arapaho tribal elder and storyteller. [3] Soldier Wolf was born in 1927 or 1928 to Scott Dewey. [4] He was raised on the Wind River Indian Reservation by his grandmother. [5]
The Northern Arapaho and Northern Cheyenne met at Fort Laramie and signed the Treaty of Fort Laramie on May 10, 1868. [9] Black Bear , Little Wolf, Littlesheild, Medicine Man, and Sorrel Horse signed for the Northern Arahapo, who agreed to settle on one of three reservations in one year.
The name "Shoshone" comes from Sosoni, ... 2,268,008 acres (9,178 km 2) of reservation in Wyoming are shared with the Northern Arapaho; Notable people ...
They spoke the now nearly extinct Gros Ventre language (Atsina), a closely related Plains Algonquian language, much like the Arapaho, and is grouped as an Arapahoan language (Arapaho-Atsina). There is evidence that, together with bands of Northern Arapaho , a southern tribal group, the Staetan , spoke the Besawunena dialect, which had speakers ...
1998. "Ethnolinguistic Dimensions of Northern Arapaho Language Shift", Anthropological Linguistics 40:1:1–64. 2001. "The Motion-Shape of Whirlwind Woman in Arapaho Women's Quillwork". European Review of Native American Studies. 14:1:11–21. 2002. "Northern Arapaho Conversion of a Christian Text: The Our Father". Ethnohistory 48:4:689–712 ...