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Treatment guidelines recommend that the physician counsel the parents, [10] warning about psychological consequences caused by pressure, shaming, or punishment for a condition children cannot control. [6] Bedwetting is the most common childhood complaint. [11] [12] [13]
Obstructive sleep apnea or sleep apnea is defined as either cessation of breathing (apnea) for 10 seconds, or a decrease in normal breathing (hypopnea) with an associated desaturation in oxygen and arousal during sleep that lasts at least 10 seconds. In adults, it is typical to have up to 4.9 events per hour.
Several surgical procedures (sleep surgery) are used to treat sleep apnea, although they are normally a third line of treatment for those who reject or are not helped by CPAP treatment or dental appliances. [22] Surgical treatment for obstructive sleep apnea needs to be individualized to address all anatomical areas of obstruction. [10]
The first involves surgery of the soft tissue (tonsillectomy, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty) and the second involves skeletal surgeries (maxillomandibular advancement). First, Phase 1 or soft tissue surgery is performed and after re-testing with a new sleep study, if there is residual sleep apnea, then Phase 2 surgery would consist of jaw surgery.
UARS can be diagnosed by polysomnograms capable of detecting Respiratory Effort-related Arousals. It can be treated with lifestyle changes, functional orthodontics, surgery, mandibular repositioning devices or CPAP therapy. [3] UARS is considered a variant of sleep apnea, [4] although some scientists and doctors believe it to be a distinct ...
The operation is a common procedure but in the most extreme cases, children with severe OSA requires special precautions before, surgery (see "Surgery and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome" below). In some countries, a milder surgical procedure called tonsillotomy is used to remove the protruding tonsillar tissue, a method associated with less ...
Central sleep apnea in heart failure's epidemiology is relevant, as sleep apnea and heart failure have both been associated in people with paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. [12] According to the study, researchers were able to conclude that ~70% of people with heart failure had breathing disorders while they slept, while half of that ~70% also ...
Sleep apnea is measured by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). An AHI is determined with a sleep study. AHI values for adults are categorized as: [2] [3] Normal: AHI<5; Mild sleep apnea: 5≤AHI<15; Moderate sleep apnea: 15≤AHI<30; Severe sleep apnea: AHI≥30; An episode is when a person hesitates to breathe or stops their breathing altogether.