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The main armament of the Genoese crossbowmen was the crossbow, made in Genoa by the Balistrai Corporation. As well, the mercenaries were equipped with a dagger, a light metal helmet, a gorget, a hauberk and a large shield, called a pavese (), which was used while reloading the crossbow.
The Genoese engaged the English longbowmen in an archery duel. [114] The longbowmen outranged their opponents [75] and had a rate of fire more than three times greater. [115] [116] The crossbowmen were also without their protective pavises, which were still with the French baggage, as were their reserve supplies of ammunition.
Larger galleys were built, the office of High Admiral was granted more powers, and the formidable Genoese crossbowmen were added to the crews of Genoese warships. When a third war broke out between Pisa and Genoa, the rebuilt Genoese fleet won a major victory at the 1284 Battle of Meloria , in which the Genoese captured 37 Pisan galleys and ...
The Genoese fleet transported and provided naval support to the crusaders, mainly during the siege of Antioch in 1098, when the Genoese fleet blockaded the city while the troops provided support during the siege. [17] In the siege of Jerusalem in 1099, Genoese crossbowmen led by Guglielmo Embriaco acted as support units against the defenders of ...
A large force of Italian crossbowmen went forward to engage the English longbowmen in an archery duel. [119] The longbowmen outranged their opponents [120] and had a rate of fire more than three times greater. [121] The crossbowmen were also without their protective pavises, which were still with the French baggage. [122]
The pavise was primarily used by archers and crossbowmen in the Middle Ages, particularly during sieges. It was carried by a pavisier, usually an archer, or, especially for the larger ones, by a specialist pavise-bearer. The pavise was held in place by the pavisier or sometimes deployed in the ground with a spike attached to the bottom. While ...
Consequently, in 1266, Caffa was granted to the Genoese, which became the capital of the dominions of Gazaria. [2] In 1308, the Mongols of the Golden Horde, commanded by the khan Toqta, conquered Caffa after a lengthy siege. Five years later, the Genoese managed to regain their colony from Toqtai's successor, Öz Beg Khan. In 1313, having ...
The King again showed his personal bravery and martial prowess, leading fifty-four knights, a few hundred infantrymen, and about 2,000 Genoese and Pisan crossbowmen into battle. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] The Muslim army began to panic at the sudden offensive launched by Richard's newly arrived force; they feared it was just the advanced element of a much ...