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Gambierdiscus toxicus is a species of photosynthetic unicellular eukaryote belonging to the Alveolata, part of the SAR supergroup.It is a dinoflagellate which can cause the foodborne illness ciguatera, [1] and is known to produce several natural polyethers including ciguatoxin, maitotoxin, gambieric acid, and gambierol.
Dinoflagellates are mostly marine plankton, but they are also common in freshwater habitats. Their populations vary with sea surface temperature, salinity, and depth. Many dinoflagellates are photosynthetic, but a large fraction of these are in fact mixotrophic, combining photosynthesis with ingestion of prey (phagotrophy and myzocytosis). [6] [7]
The dinoflagellete type of luciferin used in this reaction is one of the four common types of luciferin found in the marine environment, [11] and the genome of P. fusiformis contains shared common origin with other dinoflagellates that contain the luciferase enzyme. [5] In the laboratory, two different types bioluminescent flashes have been ...
Amphidinium is a genus of dinoflagellates. The type for the genus is Amphidinium operculatum Claparède & Lachmann. The genus includes the species Amphidinium carterae which is used as a model organism. [1] As dinoflagellates, Amphidinium spp. have chloroplasts. The Amphidinium chloroplast genome is unusual in not having a single contiguous ...
Mixotrophic dinoflagellates have the ability to thrive in changing ocean environments, resulting in shifts in red tide phenomenon and paralytic shellfish poisoning. [6] It is unknown as to how many species of dinoflagellates have mixotrophic capabilities, as this is a relatively new feeding-mechanism discovery.
Gymnodinium is a genus of dinoflagellates, a type of marine and freshwater plankton.It is one of the few naked dinoflagellates, or species lacking armor known as cellulosic plates.
Symbiodinium is a genus of dinoflagellates that encompasses the largest and most prevalent group of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates known and have photosymbiotic relationships with many species. These unicellular microalgae commonly reside in the endoderm of tropical cnidarians such as corals , sea anemones , and jellyfish , where the products of ...
The cell body can be divided into an episome and a hyposome like other dinoflagellates. [6] Two dissimilar flagella that are involved in locomotion are present in the cingulum and sulcus. [ 6 ] The cytoplasm contains many yellow-green chloroplasts. [ 7 ]