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Wobble base pairs for inosine and guanine. A wobble base pair is a pairing between two nucleotides in RNA molecules that does not follow Watson-Crick base pair rules. [1] The four main wobble base pairs are guanine-uracil (G-U), hypoxanthine-uracil (I-U), hypoxanthine-adenine (I-A), and hypoxanthine-cytosine (I-C).
This suggests that early ribosomes read the second codon position most carefully, to control hydrophobicity patterns in protein sequences. The first table—the standard table—can be used to translate nucleotide triplets into the corresponding amino acid or appropriate signal if it is a start or stop codon. The second table, appropriately ...
For example, all three positions of methionine's AUG are non-degenerate, because the only codon coding for methionine is AUG. The same goes for tryptophan's UGG. [2]: 521–522 There are three amino acids encoded by six different codons: serine, leucine, and arginine. Only two amino acids are specified by a single codon each.
These wobble base pairs are very important in tRNA. Most organisms have less than 45 tRNA molecules even though 61 tRNA molecules would technically be necessary to canonically pair to the codon. Wobble base pairing allows for the 5' anticodon to bond to a non-standard base pair. Examples of wobble base pairs are given in Figure 6.
This table is found in both DNA Codon Table and Genetic Code (And probably a few other places), so I'm pulling it out so it can be common. By default it's the DNA code (using the letter T for Thymine); use template parameter "T=U" to make it the RNA code (using U for Uracil). See also Template:Inverse codon table
An anticodon [16] is a unit of three nucleotides corresponding to the three bases of an mRNA codon. Each tRNA has a distinct anticodon triplet sequence that can form 3 complementary base pairs to one or more codons for an amino acid. Some anticodons pair with more than one codon due to wobble base pairing.
Given the non-random genetic triplet coding scheme, a tenable hypothesis for the origin of genetic code could address multiple aspects of the codon table, such as absence of codons for D-amino acids, secondary codon patterns for some amino acids, confinement of synonymous positions to third position, the small set of only 20 amino acids ...
The most common of these is the wobble base pairing that occurs between tRNAs and mRNAs at the third base position of many codons during transcription [34] and during the charging of tRNAs by some tRNA synthetases. [35] They have also been observed in the secondary structures of some RNA sequences. [36]