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  2. Antigen-antibody interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen-antibody_interaction

    The antigens and antibodies combine by a process called agglutination. It is the fundamental reaction in the body by which the body is protected from complex foreign molecules, such as pathogens and their chemical toxins. In the blood, the antigens are specifically and with high affinity bound by antibodies to form an antigen-antibody complex.

  3. Antigen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen

    An illustration that shows how antigens induce the immune system response by interacting with an antibody that matches the molecular structure of an antigen. In immunology, an antigen (Ag) is a molecule, moiety, foreign particulate matter, or an allergen, such as pollen, that can bind to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor. [1]

  4. Pathogen-associated molecular pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogen-associated...

    Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are small molecular motifs conserved within a class of microbes, but not present in the host. [1] They are recognized by toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in both plants and animals. [2]

  5. Immunology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunology

    Immunology is a branch of biology and medicine [1] that covers the study of immune systems [2] in all organisms.. Immunology charts, measures, and contextualizes the physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and diseases; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders (such as autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, [3] immune deficiency, [4] and ...

  6. Antigen retrieval - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen_retrieval

    The chemical composition and pH value of the buffer solution also contribute to the effectiveness of heat-induced antigen retrieval. [1] Thus, the AR-immunohistochemistry protocol must be optimized for each tissue type, fixation method, and antigen using a "test battery" to maximize antigen recovery in formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections. [1]

  7. Antigen presentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen_presentation

    Antigen presentation is a vital immune process that is essential for T cell immune response triggering. Because T cells recognize only fragmented antigens displayed on cell surfaces, antigen processing must occur before the antigen fragment can be recognized by a T-cell receptor.

  8. Antigen-presenting cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen-presenting_cell

    Antigen presentation stimulates immature T cells to become either mature "cytotoxic" CD8+ cells or mature "helper" CD4+ cells. An antigen-presenting cell (APC) or accessory cell is a cell that displays an antigen bound by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins on its surface; this process is known as antigen presentation.

  9. Antigen processing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen_processing

    Antigen processing, or the cytosolic pathway, is an immunological process that prepares antigens for presentation to special cells of the immune system called T ...