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The end of a frame is signaled by a valid frame check sequence followed by loss of carrier or by a special symbol or sequence in the line coding scheme for a particular Ethernet physical layer, so the length of the frame does not always need to be encoded as a value in the Ethernet frame. However, as the minimum payload of an Ethernet frame is ...
Wireshark screenshot of an Ethernet pause frame. Ethernet flow control is a mechanism for temporarily stopping the transmission of data on Ethernet family computer networks. The goal of this mechanism is to avoid packet loss in the presence of network congestion. The first flow control mechanism, the pause frame, was defined by the IEEE 802.3x ...
Bufferbloat is the undesirable latency that comes from a router or other network equipment buffering too many data packets.Bufferbloat can also cause packet delay variation (also known as jitter), as well as reduce the overall network throughput.
Since the network is otherwise working, the cause is not so readily apparent. A duplex mismatch causes problems when both ends of the connection attempt to transfer data at the same time. This happens even if the channel is used (from a high-level or user's perspective) in one direction only, in case of large data transfers.
ping is a computer network administration software utility used to test the reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. It is available in a wide range of operating systems – including most embedded network administration software.
RTT is a measure of the amount of time taken for an entire message to be sent to a destination and for a reply to be sent back to the sender. The time to send the message to the destination in its entirety is known as the network latency, and thus RTT is twice the latency in the network plus a processing delay at the destination. The other ...
This type of attack has an amplification factor of 1, which means: just a single Smurf per ping. When the target is a unicast address and the destination is the broadcast address of the target's network, then all hosts in the network will receive an echo request. In return they will each reply to the target, so the target is swamped with n Smurfs.
Jumbo frames for PPPoE is defined in RFC 4638, with the purpose of removing the old 1492-byte limit (originally defined because PPP needs 8 more bytes of overhead), so that normal 1500-byte Ethernet can run without fragmentation. The "PPP-Max-Payload" tag can still accommodate much larger, non-baby jumbo frames.