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Croesus (/ ˈ k r iː s ə s / KREE-səs; Phrygian: Akriaewais; [1] Ancient Greek: Κροῖσος, romanized: Kroisos; Latin: Croesus; reigned: c. 585 – c. 546 BC [2]) was the king of Lydia, who reigned from 585 BC until his defeat by the Persian king Cyrus the Great in 547 or 546 BC. [3] [2] According to Herodotus, he reigned 14 years.
Croesus, aka Kroisos (c.585–546 BC; son of Alyattes) [18] [19] Gyges died in battle c.644 BCE, fighting against the Cimmerians, and was succeeded by Ardys. [9] The most successful king was Alyattes, under whom Lydia reached its peak of power and prosperity. [20] Croesus was defeated by Cyrus the Great at the battles of Pteria and Thymbra.
Croesus crossed the Halys and met Cyrus at Pteria in Cappadocia, but after a drawn-out battle against superior forces in which neither side obtained the victory, Croesus resolved to fall back for the winter, summon new allies and renew the war with reinforcements the next spring. [5] In the interim, he disbanded his army and returned to Sardis.
Both sides sustained considerable casualties; in the aftermath, the outnumbered Croesus withdrew across the Halys. [10] The retreat of Croesus was a strategic decision to suspend operations using winter to his advantage, awaiting the arrival of reinforcements from his allies the Babylonians, the Egyptians and particularly the Spartans.
The Battle of Thymbra was the decisive battle in the war between Croesus of the Lydian Kingdom and Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid Empire.Cyrus, after he had pursued Croesus into Lydia after the drawn Battle of Pteria, met the remains of Croesus' partially-disbanded army in battle on the plain north of Sardis in December 547 BC.
Croesus's efforts to protect his son Atys, his son's accidental death by Adrastus (1.34–44) Croesus's test of the oracles (1.46–54) The answer from the Oracle of Delphi concerning whether Croesus should attack the Persians (famous for its ambiguity): If you attack, a great empire will fall.
Delphi was declared the winner. Croesus then asked if he should make war on the Persians and if he should take to himself any allied force. The oracles to whom he sent this question included those at Delphi and Thebes. Both oracles gave the same response, that if Croesus made war on the Persians, he would destroy a mighty empire.
Croesus on the pyre, Attic red-figure amphora, 500–490 BC, Louvre (G 197) "Croesus and Fate" (AKA: "Croesus and Solon") [1] is a short story by Leo Tolstoy that is a retelling of a Greek legend, classically told by Herodotus, and Plutarch, about the king Croesus. It was first published in 1886 by Tolstoy's publishing company The Intermediary.