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The motivation for mastery learning comes from trying to reduce achievement gaps for students in average school classrooms. During the 1960s John B. Carroll and Benjamin S. Bloom pointed out that, if students are normally distributed with respect to aptitude for a subject and if they are provided uniform instruction (in terms of quality and learning time), then achievement level at completion ...
Bloom thus challenged researchers and teachers to "find methods of group instruction as effective as one-to-one tutoring". [ 1 ] : 15 Bloom's graduate students Joanne Anania and Arthur J. Burke conducted studies of the effect at different grade levels and in different schools, observing students with "great differences in cognitive achievement ...
The Keller Plan has mainly been used in higher education, particularly as a more personalized form of instruction in large classes, but there is nothing inherent in Keller's formulation to restrict its application to particular grade levels, content, or types of courses; [4] for instance the papers [5] and [6] report on usage in elementary school and junior high school, respectively.
Barak Victor Rosenshine (August 13, 1930 – May 22, 2017) was an educational researcher and professor of educational psychology, who developed a set of teaching principles known as "Rosenshine's Principles of Instruction." These principles provided a bridge between educational research and classroom practice and are widely used in education ...
Attainment based vs. time based progress – The instruction can either be based on the focus on the mastery of the concept or the time spent on learning the concept. Customized vs. standardized instruction – The instruction can be different for different learners or the instruction can be given in general to the entire classroom
Programmed learning (or programmed instruction) is a research-based system which helps learners work successfully. The method is guided by research done by a variety of applied psychologists and educators. [1] The learning material is in a kind of textbook or teaching machine or computer. The medium presents the material in a logical and tested ...
Instructional design (ID), also known as instructional systems design and originally known as instructional systems development (ISD), is the practice of systematically designing, developing and delivering instructional materials and experiences, both digital and physical, in a consistent and reliable fashion toward an efficient, effective, appealing, engaging and inspiring acquisition of ...
Additionally, where many traditional learning methods use summative testing, competency-based learning focuses on student mastery of individual learning outcomes. [11] Students and instructors can dynamically revise instruction strategies and based on student performance in specific competencies. [12]