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  2. Crime statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_statistics

    This sort of pragmatic decisionmaking asked if they are victims of crime, without needing to provide any supporting evidence. In these surveys it is the participant's perception, or opinion, that a crime occurred, or even their understanding about what constitutes a crime that is being measured.

  3. Correlates of crime - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlates_of_crime

    The correlates of crime explore the associations of specific non-criminal factors with specific crimes.. The field of criminology studies the dynamics of crime. Most of these studies use correlational data; that is, they attempt to identify various factors are associated with specific categories of criminal behavior.

  4. Altitude - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitude

    Aviation altitude is measured using either mean sea level (MSL) or local ground level (above ground level, or AGL) as the reference datum. Pressure altitude divided by 100 feet (30 m) is the flight level , and is used above the transition altitude (18,000 feet (5,500 m) in the US, but may be as low as 3,000 feet (910 m) in other jurisdictions).

  5. Murder in Pennsylvania law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_in_Pennsylvania_law

    In the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, common law felony murder was codified as "Murder of the Second Degree." [3] The statute provides that "[c]riminal homicide constitutes murder of the second degree when it is committed while defendant was engaged as a principal or an accomplice in the perpetration of a felony." [3]

  6. Geodetic coordinates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodetic_coordinates

    Geodetic latitude and geocentric latitude have different definitions. Geodetic latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and the surface normal at a point on the ellipsoid, whereas geocentric latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and a radial line connecting the centre of the ellipsoid to a point on the surface (see figure).

  7. Criminology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminology

    Relative deprivation was originally utilized in the field of sociology by Samuel A. Stouffer, who was a pioneer of this theory. Stouffer revealed that soldiers fighting in World War II measured their personal success by the experience in their units rather than by the standards set by the military. [86]

  8. Murder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder

    Generally, second-degree murder is common law murder, and first-degree is an aggravated form. The aggravating factors of first-degree murder depend on the jurisdiction, but may include a specific intent to kill, premeditation, or deliberation. In some, murders committed by acts such as strangulation, poisoning, or lying in wait are also treated ...

  9. Height above mean sea level - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Height_above_mean_sea_level

    Height above mean sea level is a measure of a location's vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) in reference to a vertical datum based on a historic mean sea level. In geodesy, it is formalized as orthometric height. The zero level varies in different countries due to different reference points and historic measurement periods.