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Aira Caldera is a gigantic volcanic caldera located on the southern end of Kyushu, Japan. It is believed to have been formed about 30,000 years ago with a succession of pyroclastic surges . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is currently the place of residence to over 900,000 people.
File:Map of Europe, 1946 (25289557032).jpg. ... Description: 'The National Savings Picture Map of the Continent of Europe.' Date: 1946 Our catalogue Reference: NSC 5/198.
[2] [3] In the inner north of the bay the area of the Wakamiko Caldera within the Aira Caldera erupts volcanic gas which when it reaches the surface of the sea is called Tagiri (which means 'to boil' in Japanese). Hydrothermal vents including volcanic chimneys with rare mineral deposition exist on the bay's sea bottom. [4]
A major three phase eruption of the Aira Caldera formed in the first phase the Osumi pumice fall, had a second phase Tsumaya pyroclastic flow and in the third Ito eruption phase produced the widely distributed Aira-Tn tephra that has been dated at 29,428 to 30,148 years calibrated before present.
In classical antiquity, Europe was assumed to cover the quarter of the globe north of the Mediterranean, an arrangement that was adhered to in medieval T and O maps. Ptolemy's world map of the 2nd century already had a reasonably precise description of southern and western Europe, but was unaware of particulars of northern and eastern Europe.
Immediately adjacent to the north of the caldera is the Sakurajima volcano in Aira Caldera and further away to the south along what has been termed the Kagoshima Graben [1] is the Kikai Caldera. [8] This alignment was first described by Tadaiti Matumoto in the 1940s. [ 7 ]
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