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A simulation is the representation of the real world process or system over a period of time. Simulation can be done by hand or on a computer, simulation involves the generation of artificial history of the system and the observation of artificial history to draw inferences concerning of the operating characteristic of the real system.
This is a list of software used to simulate the material and energy balances of chemical process plants. Applications for this include design studies, engineering studies, design audits, debottlenecking studies, control system check-out, process simulation, dynamic simulation, operator training simulators, pipeline management systems, production management systems, digital twins.
A distillation setup using a Liebig-type condenser (the tilted double-walled tube at the center). A liquid (not visible) in the flask at left is heated by the blue mantle to the boiling point. The vapor is then cooled as it goes through the inner tube of the condenser.
The opening screen of the setup for Windows Server 2003. The setup process introduced with Windows NT 3.1 remained in effect until the release of Windows Vista. The general process is: The user starts the installation process, either by booting off the installation media, running the MS-DOS installer from MS-DOS, or running the Windows ...
The azeotrope is easily broken in a distillation set-up by using a liquid–liquid separator (a decanter) to separate the two liquid layers that are condensed overhead. Only one of the two liquid layers is refluxed to the distillation set-up. High boiling azeotropes, such as a 20 percent by weight mixture of hydrochloric acid in water, also ...
Short-path vacuum distillation apparatus with vertical condenser (cold finger), to minimize the distillation path; 1: Still pot with stirrer bar/anti-bumping granules 2: Cold finger – bent to direct condensate 3: Cooling water out 4: cooling water in 5: Vacuum/gas inlet 6: Distillate flask/distillate.
The Marcusson apparatus, Dean-Stark apparatus, Dean–Stark receiver, distilling trap, or Dean–Stark Head is a piece of laboratory glassware used in synthetic chemistry to collect water [1] [2] (or occasionally other liquid) from a reactor.
Phase diagram (left) and process flow diagram (right) of an apparatus for the azeotropic distillation with "material separation agent". In this case the phase diagram includes a zone where components are not miscible, so following the condensation of the azeotrope, it is possible to separate the liquid components through decantation.