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Empress Matilda (c. 7 February 1102 – 10 September 1167), also known as Empress Maud, [nb 1] was one of the claimants to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy. The daughter and heir of Henry I, king of England and ruler of Normandy , she went to Germany as a child when she was married to the future Holy Roman Emperor ...
Robert took Stephen back to Gloucester, where the King met with the Empress Matilda, and was then moved to Bristol Castle, traditionally used for holding high-status prisoners. [141] He was initially left confined in relatively good conditions, but his security was later tightened and he was kept in chains. [141]
The Anarchy was a civil war in England and Normandy between 1138 and 1153, which resulted in a widespread breakdown in law and order. The conflict was a war of succession precipitated by the accidental death of William Adelin (the only legitimate son of Henry I) who had drowned in the White Ship disaster of 1120.
The Battle of Lincoln, or the First Battle of Lincoln, occurred on 2 February 1141 in Lincoln, England between King Stephen of England and forces loyal to Empress Matilda. Stephen was captured during the battle, imprisoned, and effectively deposed while Matilda ruled for a short time. [1] [2]
Stephen's primary objective in besieging Oxford was the capture of the Empress rather than the city or castle itself, [78] [note 14] reported the chronicler John of Gloucester. [73] Another, William of Malmsbury , suggests that Stephen believed that capturing Matilda would end the civil war in one fell stroke, [ 74 ] and the Gesta declares that ...
Early appearances by Stephen in fiction included the novels For King or Empress (1904) by C. W. Whistler and Armadin by Alfred Bowker (1908). [2] Stephen appeared in the 1921 novel The Fool by H. C. Bailey. [3] The 1958 novel To Keep This Oath by Hebe Weenolsen centres on the power struggle between Stephen and the future Henry II. [3]
The story takes place during The Anarchy, a term referring to the 19-year civil war between King Stephen and the Empress Maud, from 1135 to 1153. King Stephen, William Fitz-Alan, his uncle Arnulf of Hesdin, Abbot Heribert, and Prior Robert Pennant are all real people. Son of Alan fitz Flaad, baron of Oswestry, William FitzAlan was appointed ...
In these books Empress Matilda is referred to by her vernacular name, Empress Maud. [12] Roberta Gellis, The Sword and the Swan (1977). [10] Ken Follett, The Pillars of the Earth (1989) Ellen Jones, The Fatal Crown (1991) Sharon Penman, When Christ and His Saints Slept tells the story of the events before, during and after the civil war (1995)