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  2. Integer overflow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_overflow

    Integer overflow can be demonstrated through an odometer overflowing, a mechanical version of the phenomenon. All digits are set to the maximum 9 and the next increment of the white digit causes a cascade of carry-over additions setting all digits to 0, but there is no higher digit (1,000,000s digit) to change to a 1, so the counter resets to zero.

  3. Time formatting and storage bugs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_formatting_and...

    On 5 January 1975, the 12-bit field that had been used for dates in the TOPS-10 operating system for DEC PDP-10 computers overflowed, in a bug known as "DATE75". The field value was calculated by taking the number of years since 1964, multiplying by 12, adding the number of months since January, multiplying by 31, and adding the number of days since the start of the month; putting 2 12 − 1 ...

  4. Year 2038 problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Year_2038_problem

    [4] [5] The most vulnerable systems are those which are infrequently or never updated, such as legacy and embedded systems. Modern systems and software updates to legacy systems address this problem by using signed 64-bit integers instead of 32-bit integers, which will take 292 billion years to overflow—approximately 21 times the estimated ...

  5. Nuclear Gandhi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Gandhi

    According to the legend, the aggression level was stored as an 8-bit unsigned integer variable that could only store values in the range from 0 to 255 (or 2 8 − 1), and the negative value would therefore result in an integer overflow, with the value being stored as 255 [7] and Gandhi supposedly becoming about 25 times more aggressive than the ...

  6. Arithmetic underflow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic_underflow

    For integers, the term "integer underflow" typically refers to a special kind of integer overflow or integer wraparound condition whereby the result of subtraction would result in a value less than the minimum allowed for a given integer type, i.e. the ideal result was closer to negative infinity than the output type's representable value ...

  7. Saturation arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturation_arithmetic

    For example, adjusting the volume level of a sound signal can result in overflow, and saturation causes significantly less distortion to the sound than wrap-around. In the words of researchers G. A. Constantinides et al.: [1] When adding two numbers using two's complement representation, overflow results in a "wrap-around" phenomenon.

  8. Stack (abstract data type) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_(abstract_data_type)

    If a pop operation on the stack causes the stack pointer to move past the origin of the stack, a stack underflow occurs. If a push operation causes the stack pointer to increment or decrement beyond the maximum extent of the stack, a stack overflow occurs. Some environments that rely heavily on stacks may provide additional operations, for example:

  9. Stack buffer overflow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_buffer_overflow

    Stack buffer overflow is a type of the more general programming malfunction known as buffer overflow (or buffer overrun). [1] Overfilling a buffer on the stack is more likely to derail program execution than overfilling a buffer on the heap because the stack contains the return addresses for all active function calls.