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A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network used for communication among computers and different information technological devices close to one person. Some examples of devices that are used in a PAN are personal computers, printers, fax machines, telephones, PDAs, scanners, and video game consoles.
this is the structure of network general, every telecommunications network conceptually consists of three parts, or planes (so-called because they can be thought of as being and often are, separate overlay networks): The data plane (also user plane, bearer plane, or forwarding plane) carries the network's users' traffic, the actual payload.
After the breakup of AT&T and the Bell System, the document was maintained and published by Bell Communications Research (BELLCORE) in 1983, 1986, 1990, 1994, and 1997. The 1983 and 1986 versions were known as Notes on the BOC Intra-LATA Networks, while the 1990 and 1994 editions had the title BOC Notes on the LEC Networks.
the technical details of the network’s capabilities. [1] [2] Planning a new network/service involves implementing the new system across the first four layers of the OSI Reference Model. [1] Choices must be made for the protocols and transmission technologies. [1] [2] The network planning process involves three main steps:
Network topology is the arrangement of the elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a communication network. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Network topology can be used to define or describe the arrangement of various types of telecommunication networks, including command and control radio networks, [ 3 ] industrial fieldbusses and computer networks .
Communication system An electronic communications system using electronic signals. A communications system or communication system is a collection of individual telecommunications networks systems, relay stations, tributary stations, and terminal equipment usually capable of interconnection and interoperation to form an integrated whole.
Catenet, a short-form of (con)catenating networks, is obsolete terminolgy for a system of packet-switched communication networks interconnected via gateways. [3]The term was coined by Louis Pouzin in October 1973 in a note circulated to the International Network Working Group, [13] [14] later published in a 1974 paper "A Proposal for Interconnecting Packet Switching Networks". [15]
The Telecommunications Management Network is a protocol model defined by ITU-T for managing open systems in a communications network. It is part of the ITU-T Recommendation series M.3000 and is based on the OSI management specifications in ITU-T Recommendation series X.700 .