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Earth's surface temperature will reach around 420 K (147 °C; 296 °F), even at the poles. [80] [96] 2.8 billion High estimate until all remaining Earth life goes extinct. [80] [96] 3–4 billion The Earth's core freezes if the inner core continues to grow in size, based on its current growth rate of 1 mm (0.039 in) in diameter per year.
Impacts from these comets could trigger a mass extinction of life on Earth. These disruptive encounters are estimated to occur an average of once every 45 million years. [28] There is a 1% chance every billion years that a star will pass within 100 AU of the Sun, potentially disrupting the Solar System. [29]
This is much faster than the expected “background” extinction rate, or the rate at which species would naturally die off without outside influence — in the absence of human beings, these 73 ...
Dresbachian extinction event: 502 Ma: End-Botomian extinction event: 517 Ma: Precambrian: End-Ediacaran extinction: 542 Ma: Anoxic event [45] Great Oxygenation Event: 2400 Ma: Rising oxygen levels in the atmosphere due to the development of photosynthesis as well as possible Snowball Earth event. (see: Huronian glaciation.)
Extinctions are a normal part of the evolutionary process, and the background extinction rate is a measurement of "how often" they naturally occur.Normal extinction rates are often used as a comparison to present day extinction rates, to illustrate the higher frequency of extinction today than in all periods of non-extinction events before it.
Global ecological overshoot occurs when the demands made by humanity exceed what the biosphere of Earth can provide through its capacity for renewal. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Scientific use of the term in the context of the global ecological impact of humanity is attributed to a 1980 book by William R. Catton, Jr. titled Overshoot: The Ecological Basis of ...
Scientists say the mass extinction 250 million years ago offers a timely warning to humanity of what can happen when ecosystems change too fast for life to keep up.
The report concluded that global warming of 2 °C (3.6 °F) over the preindustrial levels would threaten an estimated 5% of all the Earth's species with extinction even in the absence of the other four factors, while if the warming reached 4.3 °C (7.7 °F), 16% of the Earth's species would be threatened with extinction.