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Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of endemic Hawaiian succineid land snails (Pulmonata: Gastropoda). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 31: 246–255. 2002 Holland, B.S. & M.G. Hadfield. Islands within an island: phylogeography and conservation genetics of the endangered Hawaiian tree snail Achatinella mustelina.
Known as Achatinella fuscobasis, the snail species had dwindled to only 11 individuals in the wild by 1991, according to officials with the Department of Land and Natural Resources in Hawaii ...
Amastra micans, commonly known as the Amastrid land snail, is a species of land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Amastridae. [2] [3] [4] It is a critically endangered species and endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, mainly found in the Waianae Mountains of Oahu. [4] [5]
Amastra hawaiiensis is a species of air-breathing land snail, ... Catalog of the native land and freshwater molluscs of the Hawaiian Islands. vi. Leiden: ...
This species is preyed on by animals, which includes rats, cannibal snails, and chameleons, but is not considered federally or state endangered. [6] The Snail Extinction Prevention Program (SEPP) released around 1200 snails, including the amastra spirizona , out into a predator-free enclosure that they keep well-maintained.
Achatinella mustelina is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Achatinellidae. This species is endemic to the Waianae Range of the island of Oahu, Hawaii. Achatinella mustelina
Since these snails reproduce slowly and only exist in a few limited locations, they are very vulnerable to threats. Habitat destruction for agriculture and invasive species are noted as the biggest reason for population decline, though fires, collecting, drought, hurricanes, logging and human recreation are also to blame.
In addition, invasive species such as Norway rats, Jackson's chameleons, and the highly predatory snail Euglandina rosea have been involved in the extinctions and declines of the native tree snails. [5] [4] O'ahu tree snail shells collected ca. 1933 at an elevation of 1500 feet on Waialae Ridge in Waialae Country Club, Honolulu, Hawaii.