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A phonon is a collective excitation in a periodic, elastic arrangement of atoms or molecules in condensed matter, specifically in solids and some liquids.A type of quasiparticle in physics, [1] a phonon is an excited state in the quantum mechanical quantization of the modes of vibrations for elastic structures of interacting particles.
Phonons take on both labels such that transverse acoustic and optical phonons are denoted TA and TO, respectively; likewise, longitudinal acoustic and optical phonons are denoted LA and LO. The type of surface phonon can be characterized by its dispersion in relation to the bulk phonon modes of the crystal.
The separation between LO and TO phonon frequencies near the Γ-point (small wave vectors) is described by the LST relation. Note this plot shows much higher wavevectors than considered below, and the scale cannot not show the hybridization of the TO branch with light (which would be confined extremely close to Γ).
In another example, for the far IR regions where the optical phonons are involved, the dielectric function (ε e,ω) are calculated as ,, = +,,,, where LO and TO denote the longitudinal and transverse optical phonon modes, j is all the IR-active modes, and γ is the temperature-dependent damping term in the oscillator model.
A polariton is the result of the combination of a photon with a polar excitation in a material. The following are types of polaritons: Phonon polaritons result from coupling of an infrared photon with an optical phonon
This is the fun side of “the one that got away”—indulging the trope not for melancholic regret but for a bit of escapist fun. 5. When “the one that got away” was us
In other words, we need to calculate the energies (or frequencies ) of the phonons as a function of their wave vector's k. The relationship between frequency ω and wave vector k is called phonon dispersion. Light and sound are similar in various ways. They both can be thought of in terms of waves, and they both come in quantum mechanical units.
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